University of Phoenix Material Appendix C Free Essays

University of Phoenix Material Appendix C Part I Define the following terms: Term| Definition| Discrimination| * This is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons. * | Institutional discrimination| * This is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups, resulting from normal operations of a society. * | Political correctness| * This can also be called political correct, this is a term which denotes language, ideas, policies, and behavior, seeking to minimize social and institutional offenses in occupations. We will write a custom essay sample on University of Phoenix Material: Appendix C or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such as gender, religion, racial, and sexual orientation. * | Part II * Write a 150- to 250-word response to each of the following questions: * * How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? * Discrimination is different from prejudice and stereotyping by that of discrimination actually takes action. Whereas prejudice and stereotyping are more of making assumption of a person or a race, assuming that they are one way due to their ethnicity or what they heard about them before getting to know them. Discrimination as I stated actually takes action there are so many different types of discrimination that actually take place today. Example: Hate crimes- people do these acts based on a person’s race, religion, or sexual preference. With this form familie’s. Another type of discrimination is institutional discrimination this can hinder someone from being hired because of their past or even color. An institution can hire just one race that controls all the laws over a town, and then make it hard for the minority to live since they may not know what it is like to struggle with everyday life. * * * What are the causes of discrimination? * * There are speculations of what causes racism some of this is caused by stereotyping. This can be caused by reading, music, television, and internet, say for instance a young child was watching television or listening to music and saw how people of one ethnicity acted they may then assume all are like this causing them to discriminate a gainst another race. Another factor of discrimination can be unfamiliarity there is a saying- people fear what they do not know, or yet to find out about. Some people are afraid to go out and meet new people based on what they hear or watch on television thinking that they are the same as the people they watch. If people grow up only around their race then the chances of them becoming racists and discriminate towards another race then become higher. Environmental factors can also lead to discrimination such as the way a person lives, maintains their property, and how they keep up their appearance. All of this can have a person become hateful towards you, or if they heard a certain race lives a certain way and then sees it, they then believe it and hate the race too. * * How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another? How are they different? Discrimination faced by one group is the same as discrimination faced by another by wanting it to stop. Not one ethnicity wants to be discriminated against, or have the ir children, wives, and family walk in fear not knowing if something is going to happen to them. Any race wants to live the same as any other race, safe, and peacefully, not having to fear tomorrow. Races that are discriminated against also can be the same as the other race by spreading the word of what is going on, and helping people who have this problem finding ways to conquer it. They can be different by many ways such as the way a race handles the discrimination. Some can act out by hurting people, retaliating, and teaching their children to do the same. Others can handle it in a nonresponsive way by ignoring it and turning the other cheek. Some may call the police and let them handle it, while others take it into their own hands. How to cite University of Phoenix Material: Appendix C, Essay examples

Research in Social Science Methodology and Design †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Research in Social Science Methodology and Design . Answer: Introduction: The philosophical standpoints in any academic research project are deeply related with the nature of the research. In the context of academic research the philosophical pluralism is highly inadequate, while it can be easily observed that methodological pluralism has been effective to serve the purpose of the study. It has been noted that there are incident where researcher has been failed to select appropriate methods by inexperienced linkage of research techniques with the research philosophy. It has been identified that although the philosophical arguments is capable of influencing the research methods, the relationship is never mutually exclusive. The linkage between the research methods as well as philosophies must be studied with great care for avoiding greater mistake in the academic research Proposal: The study would be aimed to provide detailed understanding on theory, methodology and research design. Moreover, it will evaluate the aspects of ontology and epistemology within a research project. Literature of Essay: Theory, Methodology and Research Design It has been also identified that as the qualitative research is capable of providing greater understanding on the research topic, it must provide respectful insight regarding the aspects and factors of research issue. The qualitative research include the consideration of research question, design of the questions, consideration of sampling, data collection strategies, analytic and interpretive process as well as implication in real society (Knox, 2004). Every aspect of the qualitative processes need to properly conducted with the appropriate understanding of dynamic nature of the study itself. In this context, the most suitable tactics isreflecting the justification as well as motivation of each research decision. The entire qualitative research must be conducted with the interpretive as well as cognizant perspective to attain most successful outcome and meet its objective (Jones, 2002). Epistemology and Ontology Knowledge is often considered as the epistemic achievement. Often it has been observed that belief has been greatly associated withthe knowledge. The epistemic contextualismstates that the relating anything or anyone with the knowledge attributes immensely depends on the diverse context of the scenario.It has been also identified that knowledge is highly depended on fair justification. The development of knowledge os often assumed to be dependent on the luck. In the aspect of knowledge development alternative possibilities are only considered when the stakes of being wrong is quite high. Therefore, it can be easily assumed that the knowledge is often relative based on context, belief as well as luck (Damnjanovic, 2012). The utility of research is mainly measured by the transfer as well as uptake of knowledge by the end users. In this context, it has been identified that the knowledge transfer can be conducted through a number of diverse arrays of process. The transmission of knowledge can be different as the policy or goal of the studies are different in each sector. Therfore, it can be easily assumed that the effective knowledge development as well as transmission is heavily dependent on effective policies of the entire research project. As the knowledge description is a most iterative as well as complex process it creates greater hindrance in transmission of knowledge to the end users. Therefore, effective knowledge transmission can only be conducted by the social science research through proper implementation of processes as well as effective policy development (Witten Hammond, 2010). Plan of Action: The study would be focused on reviewing the established literature for acquiring the detailed understanding on theory, methodology and research design. In addition to that, it would also find out the aspects of epistemology and ontology within a research work in a detailed manner. The literature would include journal articles, which have been primarily focused on the research topic. The observational analysis would be used to analyse the theory, methodology and research design, which has been used in the journal articles. Scope of the Essay: The essay would be most helpful to identify the intricacies and trends of theory, methodology and research design within an academic research project. The study would be most helpful for the academic professionals in the context of conducting necessary research project. Conclusion: The essay would effectively provide detailed understanding on theory, methodology and research design. Moreover, it will evaluate the aspects of ontology and epistemology within a research project. The study would be focused on reviewing the established literature such as journal articles, with the help of observational analysis. The essay would be most helpful to identify the intricacies and trends of theory, methodology and research design within an academic research project. The study would be most helpful for the academic professionals in the context of conducting necessary research project. References: Damnjanovic, N 2012, Epistemic Contextualism and Recognising Knowledge across Cultures.In Anthropological Forum (Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 225-238).Routledge. Jones, S 2002, (Re) writing the word: Methodological strategies and issues in qualitative research. Journal of College Student Development, 43(4), 461. Knox, K T 2004, A researcher's dilemma-philosophical and methodological pluralism. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 2(2), 119-128. Witten, K, Hammond, K 2010, What becomes of social science knowledge: New Zealand researchers' experiences of knowledge transfer modes and audiences. K?tuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 5(1), 3-12.

Neanderthals Are Not Our Ancestors Essays - Genetic Genealogy, DNA

Neanderthals Are Not Our Ancestors 7-11-97 University Park, Pa. -- A team of U.S. and German researchers has extracted mitochondrial DNA from Neandertal bone showing that the Neandertal DNA sequence falls outside the normal variation of modern humans. These results indicate that Neandertals did not contribute mitochondrial DNA to modern humans, says Dr. Mark Stoneking, associate professor of anthropology at Penn State. Neandertals are not our ancestors. The research also reaffirms the origins of modern humans in Africa. Reporting in today's (July 11) issue of the journal Cell, the researchers detail their methods and the results of analysis of Neandertal mitochondrial DNA. The research team includes Matthias Krings, graduate student, and Dr. Svante Paabo, professor of zoology, University of Munich; Dr. Ann Stone, postdoctoral fellow, University of Arizona; Ralf W. Schmitz and Heike Krainitzki of Rhineland Museum, Bonn, Germany; and Stoneking. Current theory holds that Neandertals became extinct only 30,000 years ago and co-existed with modern humans in Europe. The team, however, found that Neandertals and modern humans diverged genetically 500,000 to 600,000 years ago, suggesting that though they may have lived at the same time, Neandertals did not contribute genetic material to modern humans. Since 1991, an interdisciplinary project of the Rhineland Museum, headed by Schmitz, has focused on the Neandertal-type specimen. This specimen was found in 1856 near Dusseldorf, Germany. As a part of this project, a sample was removed for DNA analysis. The ability to extract DNA from ancient bone is dependent on many factors, including preservation, temperature and humidity, says Stoneking, a faculty member in Penn State's College of the Liberal Arts. Paabo previously showed that even if extracting ancient DNA is possible, it tends to be damaged and degraded, yielding only short fragments. The researchers used a method of overlapping short strands of DNA to obtain a mitochondrial DNA sequence of 378 base pairs. To ensure that errors caused by damaged DNA were not incorporated into the sequence and that modern human DNA did not contaminate the samples, the researchers ran multiple extractions and amplifications. They also sent a sample to Penn State's Anthropological Genetics Laboratory where Stone, then a Ph.D. candidate at Penn State, ran a parallel extraction and amplification of the DNA. To begin amplification, the researchers used two human primers -- small pieces of DNA that match the beginning of the sequence to be amplified. The first two human primers we chose worked, says Stoneking. It turns out this was a lucky choice. To check that the amplified DNA was really Neandertal, the researchers prepared primers based on their extracted sample and ran them on numerous human DNA samples. The Neandertal primers did not amplify any human DNA, says Stoneking. Most human primers would probably not work on Neandertal DNA. The researchers compared the Neandertal sequence with 2,051 human sequences and 59 common chimpanzee sequences. They found that the differences in Neandertal DNA occurred at sites where differences usually occur in both humans and chimps. The changes reflect the evolutionary pattern typical of mitochondrial DNA sequences of living humans and chimpanzees, not that of random damage or degradation, says Stoneking. When the researchers looked at the Neandertal sequence with respect to 994 human mitochondrial DNA lineages including Africans, Europeans, Asians, Native Americans, Australians and Pacific Islanders, they found the number of base pair differences between the Neandertal sequence and these groups was 27 or 28 for all groups. While Neandertals inhabited the same geographic region as contemporary Europeans, the observed differences between the Neandertal sequence and modern Europeans do not indicate a closer relationship to modern Europeans than to other contemporary human populations, says Stoneking. The researchers used phylogenetic tree reconstruction -- a method that uses mitochondrial DNA to place individual groups in relative relationship -- to check the results of their pair-wise DNA comparisons. The trees show that the Neandertal sequence branches before the divergence of the various human mitochondrial DNA lineages, but after the split from chimpanzees. This phylogenetic tree also shows that the first three branches of humans are of African origin, with only the fourth branch showing non-African sequences. The branching pattern indicates that the ancestor of the mitochondrial DNA gene pool of contemporary humans lived in Africa, says Stoneking of Penn State. The researchers are confident with their results, but they caution that they are derived from

Free Essays on Barbie

Barbie, the Plague that must be stopped! In today’s society, many negative images influence our children’s sense of reality. From the vulgar music that has contaminates the airwaves to cartoons reared for the viewing of young children; like the Simpson, which contain foul language and sexual content. Many children idolize their favorite action hero, pop star or if society is lucky hopefully parents that are positive role models, but what if your child idolized the Barbie doll? Yes, the perfect buxom blonde bombshell that is somehow capable of conquering the world with her smile and the right hue of lipstick. Mattel, one of the worlds leading Toy Companies, has had their share of controversy with the Barbie Doll. Women right’s activist feel there is much emphasizes on appearance in our society from weight, height, and race, rather than education, self-esteem and moral values, and that society as a whole needs to take responsibility in the empowerment and the development of children. In addition, as individuals, we have allowed societies image of beauty and acceptance infiltrate our own perceptions. Although Barbie is merely a doll her values and body image is a negative example for her young practitioners. Personally, I was not a fan of Barbie as a young girl; remote control cars and trucks captured my interest rather than a doll. Society and individuals should discontinue the use or participation of any game, toy or sport that can be described any way as a negative image for children. Has society allowed itself to play a part in developing characteristics of the Barbie doll? Well of course, they have. Everywhere you look, magazine ads show ways to loose weight or how to change ones appearance in order to gain acceptance from peers. The majority of women are striving to reach the perfect ideal of what society feels is beautiful which leads many to dieting, excessive exercising and in worse cases the help of docto... Free Essays on Barbie Free Essays on Barbie Barbie, the Plague that must be stopped! In today’s society, many negative images influence our children’s sense of reality. From the vulgar music that has contaminates the airwaves to cartoons reared for the viewing of young children; like the Simpson, which contain foul language and sexual content. Many children idolize their favorite action hero, pop star or if society is lucky hopefully parents that are positive role models, but what if your child idolized the Barbie doll? Yes, the perfect buxom blonde bombshell that is somehow capable of conquering the world with her smile and the right hue of lipstick. Mattel, one of the worlds leading Toy Companies, has had their share of controversy with the Barbie Doll. Women right’s activist feel there is much emphasizes on appearance in our society from weight, height, and race, rather than education, self-esteem and moral values, and that society as a whole needs to take responsibility in the empowerment and the development of children. In addition, as individuals, we have allowed societies image of beauty and acceptance infiltrate our own perceptions. Although Barbie is merely a doll her values and body image is a negative example for her young practitioners. Personally, I was not a fan of Barbie as a young girl; remote control cars and trucks captured my interest rather than a doll. Society and individuals should discontinue the use or participation of any game, toy or sport that can be described any way as a negative image for children. Has society allowed itself to play a part in developing characteristics of the Barbie doll? Well of course, they have. Everywhere you look, magazine ads show ways to loose weight or how to change ones appearance in order to gain acceptance from peers. The majority of women are striving to reach the perfect ideal of what society feels is beautiful which leads many to dieting, excessive exercising and in worse cases the help of docto...

Desiging and Early College High School for African American Males Dissertation

Desiging and Early College High School for African American Males - Dissertation Example In many instances the latter may be an issue, especially when some teachers are afraid of young African American males (Brown, 2011). To this end, there are programs in the United States that provide mentoring for African American boys who need attention to help them prepare for college (Brown, 2011). The reason mentoring is so crucial is because public schools have traditionally misunderstood how to work with African American males to the point that they are not given the opportunities to partake in â€Å"classes offering enriched educational offerings† (Holzman, 2010, p. 4). For many African American males this means that they go to prison rather than college and they only find low wage jobs as a consequence of such tendencies (Holzman, 2010). This is not the intended plight of these students. They are viable students that can make a strong contribution to society if they are given a chance. Generally, African American males have a lower graduation rate than Caucasian studen ts and other minorities. According to the Educational Testing Service (ETS) (2011) African American males fail at a tremendous rate. ... In a regular high school this is well below the standard of Caucasian students who show 38 percent proficiency in reading by fourth grade and 44 percent proficiency in math by eighth grade (ETS, 2011). There is no doubt that something must be done to help African American males succeed. The New School Concept Across the United States, the development of new schools to provide parents with different choices for their children grew, because of the Now Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This Act created opportunities for schools to work with students in different ways, and it called for children to be proficient in certain areas at certain times in their education. This Act was to close the achievement gap between Caucasian students and minority students (blacks and Hispanics) but it but it created more of a gap for African American students instead of closing the gap (Knaus, 2007). Part of the challenge for many schools has been that they are given teachers who are unprepared to teach Afri can American students (Knaus, 2007). In large urban areas, where there is a large amount of poverty, schools may have â€Å"three times as many uncertified or out-of-field teachers of low-poverty schools† (Knaus, 2007, p. 1). When African American males become resistant to this type of schooling and choose not to attend, they can be subject to moves to other types of schools like â€Å"continuation† schools or alternatives schools, and then to the juvenile justice system (Knaus, 2007, p. 1). This is not the type of situation that society needs for its African American youth. Central to the success of any school and especially new schools is the quality of the educators who work with

Discuss the relevant issues which surround Directors' Remuneration Essay

Discuss the relevant issues which surround Directors' Remuneration Packages and actions which have been taken to solve these issues of contention - Essay Example ty has been demanding for institutional investors to support an autonomous call for companies to either reconsider the payment of top level management or face harsh actions on the corporate governance policy by the government. Thus, the definition of directors’ remuneration has emerged as a major issue of academic interest which is the objective of the study (Prasanna, 2005). Correspondingly, the issues discussed within this study include regular increase of directors’ remuneration as compared to the stagnant pay scale of the workers. It also oversees at the situation where directors’ remuneration has been continuously increasing even when the company is suffering losses. The study also delineates the actions that have been taken to solve these issues which include enhanced transparency of directors’ remuneration in the financial data provided by the company. In the recent years, it has been observed that the shareholders, workers, general public and the media have increased their concerns relating to the remuneration packages paid to the directors. This issue involves poorly organised remuneration report which fails to exactly demonstrate the linkage between the pay and the performance, inappropriate transparency of the companies to report the remuneration package and excessive payments for exit of director’s who depart from the company. In addition, the issues also surround the changes in the structure and level of the directors’ remuneration from the last era which has been ever-increasing irrespective of the company’s size and performance. Director’s remuneration issues often arise due to the market failure that occurs in the heart of corporate governance system. Moreover, shareholders do not maintain any control on the director’s pay which increases the possibility of director’s pursuing a s trategy that would reward them personally instead of contributing to the company’s long-term value (Crown, 2012). It also has been observed that due

Implementation of the Basic Human Right - the Right for Freedom due to Term Paper

Implementation of the Basic Human Right - the Right for Freedom due to the European Convention of Human Rights - Term Paper Example The sublimeness of the idea of human rights is enough to capture the imagination and fancy of someone reflecting on the idea. But if one is pulled back into reality, with the grimness of the world that human beings have created for themselves, one then is thrust to the question of justice, of equality, of liberty, of rights, and of freedom.  Ã‚   And for this very reason, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom and its Eight Protocol came into inception.Europe ravaged by the atrocities of the Second World War had become the living witness of the extent of the possibility of the madness that could be inflicted by man to other men.   Thus, the man-made catastrophe – genocide - had spurred various leaders of Europe to come together and create a treaty.   A convention that will have for its undertakings â€Å"the promotion or encouragement of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction, and to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of these objectives.† Together with this sad and horrifying experience of Europe is the fact that during the creation of the convention, Europe is â€Å"ideologically broken,† because during that time the â€Å"ideological conflict between Eastern Europe and Western Europe† was as real and as palpable as any concrete human experience.   With these two reasons acting as the primary motivators and ethos, Europe had created the European Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its eight Protocols. This convention was â€Å"signed on November 4, 1950† and â€Å"entered into force on September 3,1953†.It is in this light that this paper is being pursued - to be able to shed light into the question of liberty as it is elucidated and clarified in the â€Å"European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms a nd Its Eight Protocols.†Ã‚