Report on field visit to SARDI (Aquatic Sciences)

Aquatic Sciences is a research division under SARDI with a main motto of the sustainable growth of South Australian Industries. The South Australian Aquatic Sciences Centre (SAASC) is located at West Beach on the shores of Gulf St. Vincent and most of the research works in aquatic biology are conducted here. The thrust areas of research include 1. Aquaculture: Here active research is being carried out for freshwater, brackish and marine aquaculture needs. This include development of diets, species selection etc. 2. Marine Environment and Ecology: conduct research on habitat mapping, environmental impact assessment, etc. . Oceanography: Research to understand the influence of oceanographic factors on climate. 4. Wild Fisheries: They carry out stock assessment works and provide necessary information to the industries involved for the sustainable exploitation of the stocks such as abalone, rock lobster, prawns, snapper, garfish and Australian sardines. Also undertakes surveys to measure the impact of fishing effort on fish stocks. 5. Inland Waters & Catchment Ecology: Undertake research on inland water habitats. There are 87 research and technical staff, 18 support staff and 40 postgraduate positions at West Beach research centre. The facilities include a central library with the most modern and comprehensive literature of different aspects of aquatic sciences. The pool farm has facilities to carry out research in both marine and freshwater environments with tanks of different capacities. We were allowed to visit the different research infrastructure facilities such as coastal finfish hatcheries, sophisticated aquaculture laboratories, controlled environment rooms, fish aging laboratories, image analysis rooms etc. As a whole, the trip was of great use to understand the various research activities that are going on in the field of marine biology.

Microelectromechanical Systems And Emerging Technology Engineering Essay

The engineering that takes into history micro fabrication of micro graduated table transducers, actuators, investigations, capacitances, inductances, valves, cogwheels, pumps, gyroscope, mirrors, switches, and so on, similar to semiconductor french friess is referred to as Microelectromechanical Systems, or MEMS. MEMS is an emerging engineering which uses the tools and engineerings that were developed for the incorporate circuit. In kernel, MEMS are little and incorporate devices, which combine electronics, electrical every bit good as mechanical elements to run into the control related functional demands such as detection and propulsion. MEMS design engineering is an drawn-out signifier of traditional microelectronic IC fiction techniques. Unlike microelectronic IC engineering, MEMS engineering can manufacture capacitances and inductances every bit good as mechanical elements such as springs, cogwheels, beams, stop, and so on. It was impossible to manufacture these constituents using IC engineering. IC engineering can merely manufacture music directors, dielectrics, and junctions ( rectifying tubes and transistors ) . MEMS, hence, is an advanced engineering every bit far as micro fabrication of Microsystems are concerned. MEMS are softly altering the manner you live, in ways that you might ne'er conceive of. The device that senses your auto has been in an accident, and fires the airbag is a MEMS device. Most new autos have over a twelve MEMS devices, doing your auto safer, more energy efficient, and more environmentally friendly. MEMS are happening their manner into a assortment of medical devices, and mundane consumer merchandises. Examples of MEMS device applications include inkjet-printer cartridges, accelerometers, illumination automatons, micro engines, locks, inertial detectors, micro transmittals, micro mirrors, micro actuators, optical scanners, fluid pumps, transducers, and chemical, force per unit area and flow detectors. New applications are emerging as the bing engineering is applied to the miniaturisation and integrating of conventional devices. Fig. 1.a MEMS device via medias electronics, electrical and mechanical elements Conductors Resistors Capacitors Inductors Semi- music directors Insulators Diodes Transistors ELECTRICAL Components ELECTRONIC Components Mechanical COMPONENTS Anchor Radio beam Bearing Cantilever Diaphragm Flexure Gear Home plates Post Probe MICROLEVEL DIMENSIONCategorization of MEMSMechanical MEMS:They largely emphasize two categories of devices ; mechanical construction based device and piezoelectric stuff based device. When the geometric structural constellations are exploited for feeling and triping purpose so the MEMS design can be classified under the first class. Assorted geometric structural constellations are cantilever, beam, home base, stop and hollow chamber. Piezoelectric stuff based mechanical detectors and actuators exploit the consequence of piezoelectric effect. As piezoelectric effect concerns with mechanical belongingss such as emphasis and strain, piezoelectric effect stuff based MEMS devices have been classified under mechanical MEMS. Broadly, the mechanical MEMS use the undermentioned methods and rules. Cantilever beam as feeling component Use of plates/diaphragms construction for capacitive detection Microphones as sound detectors Exploitation of coriolis acceleration in gyroscope for angular rate Measurements Principle of piezoelectric effect and piezomechanics Cantilevers bend when force per unit area is applied and oscillate in a manner similar to spring. Cantilever detectors can be used for the sensing of physical, chemical and biological analytes with comparatively good sensitiveness and selectivity. The application countries are huge including acoustic measurings, quiver monitoring, viscousness and denseness measuring, infrared and UV sensing, magnetic and electric field sensing, sensing of chemical bluess, including medical and biological agents, measuring of contaminations in H2O, explosive bluess, atomic radiation and sensing of DNA. A mike is an electro-mechanical-acoustic transducer that transforms acoustical energy into electrical energy. These are air-coupled supersonic microsensors, which take the advantages of miniaturisation and low power ingestion offering a broad scope of applications such as sound sensing and analysis, wind noise flow turbulency detection and quiver detection. The rule of such detectors is based on the mechanical quiver of micro-membranes or stop. The stop is a thin, round membrane that makes up a capacitance with the land plane. The value of the electrical capacity alterations during the quiver cased by the sound signal. The distortion or divergence of the membranes from the normal value depends on the amplitude of the incident force per unit area ( sound force per unit area ) . Measurement of the angular rate of rotary motion is utile in many applications. A really common application is the measuring of the orientation or lean a vehicle running at high velocity in a curving way. MEMS gyroscopes are designed to mensurate angular rate of rotary motion. The gyroscope exploits the Coriolos acceleration through a microplate with rotation-induced sidelong warp being sensed capacitively. Piezoelectric stuffs such as lead zirconate titanate ( PZT ) are assuring stuffs for MEMS applications due to their alone and singular belongingss. The PZT convert mechanical perturbations to electrical signals. Piezoelectric polymers are besides now being used abundantly as they offer the advantage of strain without weariness. Many MEMS accelerometers employ piezoelectric detection technique, using cantilever beams. Reverse of piezoelectric effect is called piezomechanics which can be exploited for the design of piezoactuators. MEMS mechanical detectors are really popular because of easy integrating process in the micromachining procedure. The basic challenge encountered in planing, nevertheless, is the execution of signal processing circuitry.Thermal MEMS:Thermal MEMS work on thermic phenomenon. Thermal phenomena are fundamentally described in footings of thermoelectric consequence, Peltier consequence, thermo sensitiveness, piezoelectric effect and form memory consequence. The topical topics under thermic MEMS include: Thermodevices including rule of thermocouple and thermopiles. Peltier heat pump and heat sink devices. Hotwire and microhotplate based thermic flow detector. Application of micro-thermo-vessels. U-shaped horizontal and perpendicular uni-and bidirectional thermal actuators. Chevron actuator. Thermocouple investigation for imagining, topography and informations storage applications.MOEMS:Micro Opto Electromechanical Systems is know as MOEMS. MOEMS are MEMS, but they handle optical signals alternatively of traditional electrical signals. MOEMS engineering accommodates the rules of optics, electronics and mechanics. MOEMS engineering requires a different set of regulations for operation as opposed to normal MEMS universe. MOEMS show good public presentation with negligible signal debasement and better quality of service ( QOS ) compared to traditional optoelectronic devices. High operational bandwidth and low power ingestion are the cardinal characteristics of MOEMS devices. MOEMS have emerged to supply alone functionality in telecommunication applications. Manufacturers of these devices are calculating new chances in information engineering, wellness attention, military, industrial, and trial and measuring sectors. Some of the most of import application of MOEMS are listed as follows. Free-space optical switches, routers and beam splitters. Concentrating constituents Tunable filters Display and projection systems Guided ocular devices and tunersMagnetic MEMS:Magnetic stuffs play of import function in planing MEMS detectors, actuators and storage devices. The magnetic stuffs could be soft or difficult. The usage of magnetic stuffs in MEMS is a recent development. Soft ferromagnetic stuffs have found the most public-service corporation in microsensors, microactuators and Microsystems. Hard magnetic stuffs have several applications including storage devices. Magnetoresistive ( MR ) stuffs are used for feeling applications. They are used for observing the strength and way of the magnetic field, which in bend can mensurate the distance, propinquity, place, angle and rotational velocity. The MR stuffs undergo a alteration in opposition in response to an applied magnetic field vector.RF MEMS:Wireless communications have existed for a long clip. New wireless communicating systems are being developed more quickly than of all time. Wireless engineering utilizes RF ( Radio Frequency ) signal, which is an electromagnetic ( EM ) signal. Radio frequence operates in the scope 9 Khz to 300Ghz. RF MEMS is an emerging engineering that plays a major function in speed uping the current growing in wireless communicating. The impact will be felt at all degrees in the wireless substructure from high-end transmittal Stationss to low-end consumer merchandises, particularly nomadic phones. RF MEMS add new capablenesss and improved power efficiency, while maint aining wireless devices little and low-cost. RF MEMS can be used for accomplishing: Transmission and response Time hold for phased- arrays VCO tuning Variable Delay Lines ( VDL ) RF set select filters Reconfigurable aerials design Intermediate frequence ( IF ) filteringMicrofluidic Systems:The survey of transit of fluids and their mixtures at a microscale degree is known as microfluidics. Microdevices, which are used to transport and hive away fluid, are called microfluidic systems ( MFS ) . Typically the MFS grip fluid volumes in the order of nanoliter. Some of the of import edifice blocks of microfluidic systems are: Microchannel Microvalves Micronozzles Micropumps Microreservoirs There are a great figure of applications of microfluidic systems. Some of the of import applications are inkjet printing, drug dispensing, reaction analysis, blending and separation, chemical synthesis, sensing of chemical species, familial analysis and semiconducting material processing. The advantages of MEMS compared to conventional fluidic systems are that the miniaturized system requires less reagent ( species or samples ) ensuing in faster, accurate and dependable measurings. Overall, the chief advantage of MFS is better public presentation. MFC requires building and design that significantly differs from macroscale hardware as the behaviour of fluid at microlevel is different. For illustration, the capillary action alterations significantly when the fluid base on balls through microscale diameter channels. As the graduated table becomes little the dimensions of a device achieves a certain size and the fluid particles or the solvent become comparable in size with the channel or the device itself. MFC are loosely used in semiconducting material processing engineering. The demand of MFS in the semiconducting material industry is for gas distribution and control. MEMS-based engineering can make force per unit area regulators, shut-off valves, and mass flow accountants ( MFC ) for electronics forte gases ( ESG ) distribution. The usage of MFS and faculties eliminates the size and figure of dyer's rockets and face seals used in incorporate gas control and distribution constituents. Regardless of the application spheres of MFS, the engineering design issues to be addressed are as follows: Precision alliance, truth, geometrical regularity and smoothness Mechanical parametric quantities such as opposition to chair and high force per unit areas. Architecture for complex construction and packaging denseness Standardization issuesBIO and CHEMO-Devices:Microdevices used for the analysis and sensing of biomedical and industrial reagents are called as bio and chemo-devices. Unlike MFS, bio and chemo-devices are diode-type, capacitor-type, transistor-type or 3D cantilever construction. Such devices for sample analysis for biomedical and industrial demands are still under development. Some of the applications are: Forensicss Familial showing Stress-response analysis Antibodies cistron look in transgenic cells Bio-warfare agents sensing Bacteria sensing Drug find, analysis and synthesisModeling AND SIMULATIONMEMS devices are designed on the footing of micromachining technique. Prior to their design, it is of import to analyze the behaviour of the systems. See a parallel home base capacitance type electrostatic MEMS actuator. If a electromotive force were applied across the two electrodes of the microactuator so the movable home base would be displaced ensuing propulsion. When an external forcing map is applied to the system a alteration may non happen at all. The alteration occurs merely when the input overcomes the loss constituent that is matter-of-fact in a existent system, the manner the system responds to the input depends on both input coercing map and on the other factors such as its geometry and the stuff utilizing which the system has been built. The jurisprudence of preservation of energy ever governs the relationship between the input and the end product of a system. In this instance the external forcing map could be a force, force per unit area or magnetic field. The of import thing is that each and every system can be seen through some signifier of regulating equations, which are formulated, based on the input and end pro duct relationships. The government equations are called as theoretical account equations or in other words the theoretical account equations represent the system. If exemplary equations are given it can be used directly off, else the equations have to be formulated merely by looking at the system. This is called as designation. Capacitor-based actuator is considered a simple dynamitic system and its analytic dynamic theoretical account equations can instantly be written as, C = a A / cubic decimeter ( T ) F = Q2 ( T ) / 2 a Angstrom I ( T ) = 1/R { V ( T ) – Q ( T ) cubic decimeter ( T ) / a A } milliliter ( T ) = -bl ( T ) – K { cubic decimeter ( T ) – l0 } – Q2 ( T ) / 2 a Angstrom Q ( T ) = 1/R { V ( T ) – Q ( T ) cubic decimeter ( T ) / aA } Where, v ( T ) = commanding input electromotive force ; Q ( T ) = charge in the capacitance ; F = C force ; C = electrical capacity ; I ( T ) = current through resistance ; cubic decimeter ( T ) = air spread ; l0 = initial spread ( when V ( T ) is zero ) ; A = home base country ; a = permittivity ; R = opposition in the circuit ; m = mass of the top home base ; B = muffling changeless ; K = spring invariable;Fig. 1.b Model diagram of an electrostatic capacitive microactuator L0 ( T ) L0 ( T ) m R B K–+I ( T ) V ( T )MEMS Packaging and Design ConsiderationsLike IC packaging, MEMS packages must hold the ability to run into some of import standards, such as There should be good isolation between the non-sensing and feeling countries of the device, There must non be any hinderance to the driving actions such as tilting, writhing, revolving, skiding, or vibrating, Efficient matching at the nexus, junction, anchor country, Unreliability issues due to the undermentioned grounds. Contamination Inactive overload Blending Lodging Clamping Delamination Creep FatigueMICROMACHININGThe term micromachining refers to the fiction of 3D MEMS constructions with the assistance of advanced lithography followed by etching. Lithography patterns the structural stuff whereas etching removes the selective part of the substrate or thin movie based structural and sacrificial stuff already deposited. In general, the micromachining procedure can either utilize the stuff to organize microstructures by etching straight into the stuff or utilize structural bed to bring forth the same. Sacrificial bed is etched off in order to obtain a separate 3D construction. Broadly, the fiction processes fall into two classs such as: Bulk micromachining Surface micromachining5.1 Bulk micromachining:Bulk micromachining is a procedure used to bring forth micromachinery or microelectrical mechanical systems ( MEMS ) . It refers to etching through both the sides of a majority of stuff to organize the coveted constructions. The constructions are formed by wet chemical etching or by reactive ion etching ( RIE ) . The advantage of majority micromachining is that substrate stuffs such as vitreous silica or individual crystal Si are readily available and moderately high aspect-ratio constructions can be fabricated. Normally, silicon wafers are used as substrates for majority micromachining, as they can be anisotropically wet etched, organizing extremely regular constructions. Wet etching typically uses alkalic liquid dissolvers, such as K hydrated oxide ( KOH ) or tetramethylammonium hydrated oxide ( TMAH ) to fade out Si which has been left exposed by the photolithography dissembling measure. These alkali dissolvers dissolve the Si in a extremely anisotropic manner, with some crystallographic orientations fade outing up to 1000 times faster than others. Such an attack is frequently used with really specific crystallographic orientations in the natural Si to bring forth V-shaped channels. The surface of these channels can be atomically smooth if the etch is carried out right, and the dimensions and angles can be exactly defined.5.2 Surface micromachining:Surface micromachining is another method that characterizes fiction of MEMS structures out of sedimentations thin movies, i.e, it involves the creative activity of mechanical constructions in thin movies already grown on the surface of the wafer. Layers from which the 3D constructions will be created may be composed of three beds as follows: Isolation bed: When Si substrate is used as the susbtrate, the first measure in surface micromachining is the deposition of an isolation bed. This bed is deposited with dielectric stuff such as Si dioxide ( SiO2 ) followed by a thin bed of Si nitrite. This acts as etch halt for many etchants. Sacrificial bed: Sacrificial bed is besides called spacer bed, which needs to be etched in order to make separate 3D construction. A phosphosilicate glass ( PSG ) bed os a preffered stuff for sacrificial bed. Structural stuff: this is the bed from which the construction will be built. The most common structural stuff in microfabrication is polysilicon ( poly-Si or merely poly ) . Polysilicon stuff based micromachining has been the anchor of the fiction engineering for many of the microsensors and actuators. Basic apprehension and control of the stuff belongingss of structural movies Let go ofing method for the microstructure Fabrication characteristics for hinged constructions and high-aspect ratio devices Boxing methods Fig 1.c, Surface micromachining Silicon has first-class mechanical belongingss doing it an ideal stuff for machining. The beds are deposited in sequence and later some selective parts of the sacrificial and structural beds are removed to construct up a 3D mechanical construction. Hydrofluoric acid can fade out the sacrificial bed. Rising and drying follow etching. Once done, the construction can be freed from the planar substrate. This is called release procedure. The surface micromachining procedure is a critical method, as it requires serious attending as the belongings of stuff significantly varies at the microstructure degree. In peculiar, following issues are dealt with careful attending.Market growing of MEMSPresently, MEMS market demands are going overpoweringly high. MEMS-based systems developers are concentrating on technological inventions, as they complete to offer merchandises that meet client demands every bit good as public presentation. The market increasingly is being strengthened by the fact that investing in MEMS is time-based value technology that meets the high industry demand. User and sellers are besides really sensitive to monetary value of the market while explicating market schemes, at least over short term. The value of MEMS merchandises increased 14 billion USD by the twelvemonth 2000, that was justly predicted during 1995. The market for RF MEMS devices is forecasted to turn to 1 billion USD by 2006. Towards the beg inning of the fourth one-fourth in the twelvemonth 1998, NEXUS ( The Network of Excellence in Multifunctional Microsystems ) undertaking force announced the first ‘Market Analysis for Microsystems ‘ , for the period 1996-2002. Their survey included all types of Microsystems, including MEMS. It is estimated a jutting market growing of 14 billion USD to 38 billion USD by the twelvemonth 2002. Figure 1.c shows the illustration of market growing every bit far as gross revenues of MEMS merchandises are concerned. Figure 1.d shows approximative per centum of assorted types of MEMS devices in assorted sectors. Fig. 1.d, Market growing of MEMS based merchandises Fig 1.e, An approximative illustration of MEMS merchandises in assorted sectorsApplicationsMEMS devices have already found important applications in many sectors. They are used for commanding micromanipulator, micro-handling equipments, microgrippers and microrobots. Many MEMS devices are found in clock, ink-jet pressman caput, colour projection and show systems and scanning investigation equipments. MEMS engineering besides designs many types of detectors including force per unit area, temperature, chemical and quiver detectors. MEMS-based light reflectors, beam splitter, RF and optical switches are common. Broadly the application sectors are: Aircraft industries Automotive Chemical, clinical and pharmaceuticals industry Automation industry and fabrication sectors Defense and infinite applications Environmental Communicationss Health scientific discipline ( Pacemakers ) Calculating ( Data storage devices, show, publishing caput ) Consumer merchandises

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 41

â€Å"Stefan!† Elena screamed and knew that she sounded like a madwoman when she screamed it. There was no answer. She was running. Following the light. â€Å"Stefan! Stefan!† An empty cell. A yellowed mummy. A pyramid of dust. Somehow, subconsciously, she suspected one of these things. And any one would have caused her to run out to fight Bloddeuwedd with her bare hands. Instead, when she reached the right cell, she saw a weary young man, whose face showed that he had given up all hope. He lifted a stick-thin arm, rejecting her utterly. â€Å"They told me the truth. You were exported for aiding a prisoner. I'm not susceptible to dreams anymore.† â€Å"Stefan!† She fell to her knees. â€Å"Do we have to go through this every single time?† â€Å"Do you know how often they re-create you, bitch?† Elena was shocked. More than shocked. But the next moment the hatred had faded from his face. â€Å"At least I get to look at you. I had†¦I had a picture. But they took that, of course. They cut it up, very slowly, making me watch. Sometimes they made me cut it. If I didn't cut it, they would – â€Å" â€Å"Oh, darling! Stefan, darling! Look at me. Listen to the prison. Bloddeuwedd is destroying it. Because I've stolen the other half of your key from her nest, Stefan, and I am not a dream. Do you see this? Did they ever show you this?† She held out the hand with the double fox ring on it. â€Å"Now – now – where do I put it?† â€Å"You are warm. The bars are cold,† Stefan said, clutching her hand and speaking as if reciting out of a children's book. â€Å"Here!† Elena cried triumphantly. She didn't need to take the ring off. Stefan was holding her other hand, and this lock worked like a seal ring. She placed it straight into a circular depression in the wall. Then, when nothing happened, she turned it right. Nothing. Left. The cell bars slowly began to lift into the ceiling. Elena couldn't believe it and for an instant thought she was hallucinating. Then when she turned sharply to look at the ground she saw that the bars were already at least a foot above it. Then she looked at Stefan, who was standing again. Both of them fell back to their knees. They would have both gotten down and wriggled like snakes if necessary, the need to touch was so great. The horizontal struts on the bars made it impossible for them to hold hands as the bars lifted. Then the bars were over the top of Elena's head and she was holding Stefan – she was holding Stefan in her arms! – appalled to feel bones under her hands, but holding him, and no one could tell her he was a hallucination or a dream, and if she and Stefan had to die together, then they would die together. Nothing mattered but that they not be separated again. She covered the unfamiliar, bony face with kisses. Strange, no half-grown, gone-to-the-wild beard, but vampires didn't grow beards unless they had them when they became vampires. And then there were other people in the cell. Good people. People laughing and crying and helping her create a makeshift litter out of stinking blankets and Stefan's pallet and no one screamed when lice jumped on them because everyone knew that Elena would have turned and ripped their throat out like Saber. Or rather, like Saber, but as Ms. Courtland had always said, with feeling. To Saber it was just a job. Then somehow – things had begun to become disconnected – Elena was watching Stefan's beloved face and gripping his litter, and running – he didn't weigh anything – up a different corridor than the one she'd fought and shouldered and pushed and floundered in on her way in. Apparently all the Shi no Shi's salmon had chosen the other corridor to swim up. Undoubtedly there was a safe place for them at the end on that side. And even as Elena wondered how a face could be so pure, and handsome, and perfect, even when it looked almost like a skull, she was thinking, I can run and stoop. And she bent over Stefan and her hair made a shield around them, so that it was just the two of them inside it. The entire outside world was shut out, and they were alone, and she said in his ear: â€Å"Please, we need you to be strong. Please – for me. Please – for Bonnie. Please – for Damon. Plea – â€Å" She would have gone on naming all of them, and probably some over and over, but it was too much already. After his long deprivation, Stefan was in no mood to be contrary. His head darted up and Elena felt more than the usual pain because he was at the wrong angle, and Elena was glad because Stefan had struck a vein down its length and blood was flowing into his mouth in a steady stream. They had to go a little more slowly now, or Elena would have tripped and colored Stefan's face maroon like a demon's, but they were still jogging. Someone else was guiding them. Then, very suddenly they stopped. Elena, eyes shut, mind locked on to Stefan's, would not have looked up for the world. But in a moment they were moving again, and there was a feeling of spaciousness all around Elena and she realized that they were in the lobby and she had to make sure everyone knew. It's on the left side of us now, she sent to Damon. It's close to the front. It's a door with all sorts of symbols above. I believe I'm familiar with the species, Damon sent back dryly, but even he couldn't hide two things from her. One was that he was glad, actually glad to feel Elena's elation, and to know that it was he, in the main part, that had brought it about. The other was simple. That if there was a choice between the life of himself and the life of his brother, he would give his own life. For Elena's sake, for his own pride. For Stefan. Elena didn't dwell on these secret things she had no right to know. She simply embraced them, let Stefan feel them in all their raw vibrancy, and made sure there was no feedback to tell Damon that Stefan knew. Angels were singing in heaven for her. Black Magic rose petals were scattering around her body. There was a release of doves and she felt their wings. She was happy. But she was not safe. She only learned it as she entered the lobby, but they were very lucky that the Dimensional Door was on the side it was. Bloddeuwedd had methodically destroyed the other side until it had collapsed into a mound that was nothing but splintered wood. Elena and Bloddeuwedd's feud might have started out as a quarrel between a hostess who thought her guest had broken the house rules and a guest who just wanted to run away, but it had become a war to the death. And given the way vampires, werewolves, demons, and other folk down here in the Dark Dimension reacted, it had created a sensation. The Guardians had their hands full keeping people out of the building. Dead bodies lay strewn on the street. Oh, God, the people! The poor people! Elena thought, as this at last came into her field of view. As for the Guardians, who were keeping this place clear and fighting Bloddeuwedd on her behalf – God bless you for that, Elena thought, envisioning a standing-room-only lobby as they tried to race with Stefan across the floor. As it was, they were alone. â€Å"Now we need your key again, Elena,† Damon's voice, just above her, said. Elena gently pried Stefan off her throat. â€Å"Just for a moment, my darling. Just for a moment.† Looking at the door, Elena was confounded for several moments. There was a hole, but nothing happened when she put the ring in it and pushed, jammed, or twisted left or right. Out of the corner of her eye she saw some dark shadow above her, dismissed it as irrelevant, and then had it come screaming at her like a dive-bomber, steel talons reaching for her. There was no roof. Bloddeuwedd's talons had methodically ripped it away. Elena knew it. Because somehow Elena suddenly saw the whole of the situation, not just her part in it, but as if she were someone outside her body, who understood many more things than puny little Elena Gilbert did. The Guardians were here to prevent collateral damage. They could or would not stop Bloddeuwedd. Elena knew that, too. All the people running down the other corridor had been doing what an owl's prey normally does. They had been dashing for the bottom of their burrow. There was an enormous safe room there. Somehow, Elena knew it. But now, blurrily but definitely, Bloddeuwedd saw the ones she had been after in the first place, the nest robbers, the ones who had forever put out one of her huge round orange far-seeing eyes, and cut her so deeply that the other eye was filling with blood. Elena could feel it. Bloddeuwedd could see they were the ones who had caused her to smash her beak. The criminals, the savages, the ones she would tear to pieces slowly, slowly, a limb at a time, switching from one to another as she clutched five or six in one set of claws, or as she watched them, unable to run from lack of limbs, writhing beneath her. Elena could sense it. Beneath her. Right now†¦they were directly beneath Bloddeuwedd. Bloddeuwedd dove. â€Å"Saber! Talon!† shouted Sage, but Elena knew that there would be no distraction now. There would be nothing but killing and tearing, slowly, and screams echoing off the single lobby wall. Elena could picture it. â€Å"It won't open, damn it,† shouted Damon. He was manipulating Elena's wrist to move the key in the hole. But no matter how he pulled or pushed, nothing happened. Bloddeuwedd was almost upon them. She accelerated, throwing telepathic images before her. Sinew stretching, joints cracking, bone splintering†¦ Elena knew – NOOOOO! Elena's cup of rage ran over. Suddenly she saw everything she needed to know in one great sweeping epiphany. But it was too late to get Stefan inside the door, so the first thing she shouted was â€Å"Wings of Protection!† Bloddeuwedd, barely six feet away, slammed into a barrier that a nuclear missile could not have harmed. She slammed into it at the speed of a racing car and with the mass of a medium-sized airplane. Horror exploded beak first against Elena's wings. They were clear green at the top, dotted with flashing emeralds, and shading into a dawn pink covered with crystals at the bottom. The wings enwrapped all six humans and two animals – and they did not move by one millimeter when Bloddeuwedd smashed into them. Bloddeuwedd had made herself roadkill. Shutting her eyes, and trying not to think of the maiden who had been made of flowers (and who had killed her husband! Elena told herself desperately) with dry lips, and wetness trickling down her cheeks, Elena turned back to the door. Put the ring in. Made sure it was flush. And said, â€Å"Fell's Church, Virginia, USA, Earth. Near the boardinghouse, please.† It was well after midnight. Matt was sleeping on the bunker's cot, while Mrs. Flowers slept on the couch, when they were suddenly wakened by a thump. â€Å"What on earth?† Mrs. Flowers got up and stared out the window, which should have been dark. â€Å"Be careful, ma'am,† Matt said automatically, but couldn't help adding, â€Å"What is it?† – as always, expecting the worst and making sure the revolver with the blessed bullets was ready. â€Å"It's†¦light,† Mrs. Flowers said helplessly. â€Å"I don't know what else to say about it. It's light.† Matt could see the light, throwing shadows on their bunker floor. There was no sound of thunder, and hadn't been since he woke up. Hastily he ran to join Mrs. Flowers at the window. â€Å"Did you ever†¦?† exclaimed Mrs. Flowers, lifting her hands and dropping them again. â€Å"Whatever could it mean?† â€Å"I don't know, but I remember everybody talking about ley lines. Lines of Power in the ground.† â€Å"Yes, but those run along the surface of the earth. They don't point upward, like – like a fountain!† Mrs. Flowers said. â€Å"But I heard that wherever three ley lines come together – I think Damon said – they can form a Gate. A Gate to where they were going.† â€Å"Dear me,† said Mrs. Flowers. â€Å"You mean you think one of those Gateway things is out there? Maybe it's them, coming back.† â€Å"It couldn't be.† The time Matt had spent with this particular old woman had made him not only respect her, but love her. â€Å"But I don't think we should go outside, anyway.† â€Å"Dear Matt. You are such a comfort to me,† Mrs. Flowers murmured. Matt didn't really see how. It was all her stored food and water they were using. Even the fold-up cot was hers. If he had been on his own he might have investigated this†¦extraordinary thing. Three spotlights shining out of the ground at an angle so that they met just about at the height of a human being. Bright lights. And getting brighter every minute. Matt sucked in his breath. Three ley lines, huh? God, it was probably an invasion of monsters. He didn't even dare to hope. Elena didn't know if she had needed to say USA or Earth, or even if the door could take her to Fell's Church, or if Damon would have to give her the name of some gate that was close to it. But†¦surely†¦with all those ley lines†¦ The door opened, revealing a small room like an elevator. Sage said quietly, â€Å"Can you four carry him if you have to fight, too?† And – after a second to unravel what this meant – three shrieks of protest, in three different feminine tones, came. â€Å"No! Oh, please, no! Oh don't leave us!!† – Bonnie, begging. â€Å"You're not coming home with us?† – Meredith, straight-from-the-shoulder. â€Å"I order you to get in – and make it quick!† – Elena. â€Å"Such a dominant woman,† murmured Sage. â€Å"Ah, well, it seems the Great Pendulum has swung again. I am only a man. I obey.† â€Å"What? Does that mean you're coming?† Bonnie cried. â€Å"It means I am coming, yes.† Gently, Sage took Stefan's wasted body in his arms and stepped into the little cubicle inside the door. Unlike the first keys Elena had used today, this one seemed to work more like a voice-activated elevator†¦she hoped. After all, Shinichi and Misao had each only needed one key for themselves. Here, a number of people might want to go to the same place at once. She hoped. Sage back-kicked Stefan's old bedding away. Something rattled on the ground. â€Å"Oh – † Stefan reached helplessly for it. â€Å"It's my Elena diamond. I found it on the floor after†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Plenty more where that came from,† Meredith said. â€Å"It's important to him,† Damon, who was already inside, said. Instead of crowding farther into the elevator, the little room that might disappear at any second, that might be gone for Fell's Church before he could turn back, he walked out into the lobby, looked closely at the floor, and knelt. Then, quickly, he reached down and then got up and hurried into the little room again. â€Å"Do you want to hold it or shall I?† â€Å"You hold it†¦for me. Take care of it.† Anyone who knew of Damon's track record, especially with regards to Elena or even an old diamond that had belonged to Elena, would have said Stefan had to be a madman. But Stefan wasn't mad. He clasped his hand over his brother's that held the diamond. â€Å"And I'll hold on to you,† he said with a faint, wry smile. â€Å"I don't know if anyone is interested,† Meredith said, â€Å"but there is a single button on the inside of this contraption.† â€Å"Push it!† cried Sage and Bonnie, but Elena cried more loudly, â€Å"No – wait!† She'd spotted something. Across the lobby, the Guardians had been unable to stop a single, apparently unarmed citizen from entering the room and crossing the floor at a high-paced graceful glide. He must have been over six feet tall, wearing an entirely white tunic and breeches, which matched his long white hair, alert foxlike ears, and the long flowing silky tail that waved behind him. â€Å"Shut the door!† bellowed Sage. â€Å"Oh, my!† breathed Bonnie. â€Å"Can someone tell me what the hell is going on?† snarled Damon. â€Å"Don't worry. It's only a fellow prisoner. A silent fellow. Hey, you got out, too!† Stefan was smiling and that was enough for Elena. And the intruder was holding out something to him that – well, it couldn't be what it looked like – but it was getting quite close now and it looked like a bouquet of flowers. â€Å"That is a kitsune, is it not?† Meredith asked, as if the world had gone mad around her. â€Å"A prisoner – † said Stefan. â€Å"A THIEF!† shouted Sage. â€Å"Hush!† said Elena. â€Å"He can probably hear even if he can't speak.† By then the kitsune was upon them. He met Stefan's eye, glanced at the others and held out the bouquet, which was heavily sealed in plastic wrap and some kind of long stickers with magical-looking inscriptions on them. â€Å"This is for Stefan,† he said. Everyone, including Stefan, gasped. â€Å"Now I must deal with some tiresome Guardians.† He sighed. â€Å"And you must press the button to make the room go, Beauty,† he said to Elena. Elena, who had momentarily been fascinated by the whisking of a fluffy tail around silken breeches suddenly blushed scarlet. She was remembering certain things. Certain things that had seemed very different†¦in a lonely dungeon†¦in the dark of artificially formed night†¦. Oh, well. Best to put a brave face on it. â€Å"Thank you,† she said, and pushed the button. The doors began to close. â€Å"Thank you again!† she added, bowing slightly to the kitsune. â€Å"I'm Elena.† â€Å"Yoroshiku. I am – â€Å" The door shut between them. â€Å"Is it that you have gone crazy?† Sage cried. â€Å"Taking a bouquet from a fox!† â€Å"You're the one who seems to know him, Monsieur Sage,† Meredith said. â€Å"What's his name?† â€Å"I do not know his name! I do know he stole three-fifths of the Seine Cloister Treasure from me! I know that he is expert, but expert at cheating at the cards! Ahh!† The last was not a cry of rage but an exclamation of alarm, for the little room was moving sideways, plunging downward, almost stopping, before it resumed its former steady motion. â€Å"Will it really take us to Fell's Church?† Bonnie asked timidly, and Damon put an arm around her. â€Å"It'll take us somewhere,† he promised. â€Å"And then we'll see. We're a pretty able set of survivalists.† â€Å"Which reminds me,† Meredith said. â€Å"I think Stefan looks better.† Elena, who had been helping to buffer him from the dimensional elevator's motion, glanced up at her quickly. â€Å"Do you really? Or is it just the light? I think he should be feeding,† she said anxiously. Stefan flushed, and Elena pressed fingers to her lips to stop them trembling. Don't, darling, she said voicelessly. Every one of these people have been willing to give their life for you – or for me – for us. I'm healthy. I'm still bleeding. Please don't waste it. Stefan murmured, â€Å"I'll stop the bleeding.† But when she bent to him, as she had known he would, he drank.

Business Communications Final Exam Questions & Answers Essay

1. Briefly describe any one of the communication models discussed in the textbook and/or lecture Lasswell’s (1948) model describes communication as a one-way transmission of messages. The model shows the ‘who’ as the ‘source’, the ‘what’ as the message, the ‘how’ as the channel, the ‘whom’ as the destination and the ‘effect’ as the outcome. 2. Describe three of the of the tests you can use to enable ethical decision-making Are we rationalising: Identify if you are rationalising, that is justifying your reasons with excuses such as: Everybody is doing it It’s not illegal They did it to me If I don’t do it someone else will The golden rule: Treat others as you would want to be treated If you wouldn’t like a particular action or behaviour to happen to you, then don’t do it to others Publicity test: After making a decision, it would then be publicised for anyone to see or read about such as family, friends etc. If you are happy and confident in what you have done and do not feel any guilt then it is a good test to use, if not, then the decision was not ethical. 3. What is the role of ‘I’ statements in the communication process? Illustrate with an example I’ statements are a way of sharing emotions and letting others know how their behaviour is perceived and how it affects you. One of the most effective  ways to begin assertive statements is to say ‘I feel †¦ when †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ For example, the message may be: ‘I feel annoyed when you don’t let me know you will be late.’ People can express their needs and wants with an ‘I’ message. It shows their personal involvement plus a willingness to share their feelings. It also lets them own their own reactions. 4. Identify and explain the three techniques of persuasion as outlined in the textbook Three techniques: Rhetorical mix Features-benefits mix Appeals to emotion Rhetorical mix: Persuasion involves careful framing of arguments and a mixture of the three types of rhetorical appeal. Good communicators have the ability to use and combine the three types of appeal appropriate to the audience, subject matter and context. logos, or the appeal to logic (price, variety, product information) pathos, or the appeal to the emotions (entertainment potential of the website, sensory appeal through audio/visuals, intuitiveness of navigation and the extent to which the website can be personalised for users) ethos, or appeal to credibility (privacy and security, corporate image and branding). Features–benefits mix The features–benefits mix is a technique of persuasion that incorporates a mixture of a product or service’s features and benefits into the message to show the audience the real benefits. The message must stress the benefits in order to focus on the receiver’s need and enable the receiver to see the relevance of the features and benefits to them. The message has two essential components: features of a product or service, and a clear and concise illustration of how to apply these features linkage of the features with the benefits to enable the receiver to understand ‘what’s in it for me’ Appeals to emotion Appeals to emotion are ideas targeted towards the emotions, needs or values that the reader or listener is likely to care about. Fair appeals to emotion generate emotions based on facts and related to the issue. In contrast, unfair appeals to emotion generate emotions based on unsubstantiated claims and aroused by biased words rather than solid evidence or by fallacies such as red herrings or by personal attacks unrelated to the issue. Appeals to emotion balanced with logic persuade fairly and ethically; however, appeals to emotion are often misused either intentionally or unintentionally. When used improperly, emotional appeals offer a simple unthinking reaction rather than a reasoned argument and manipulate through prejudice, fear, embarrassment or other feelings rather than convince credibly. Example 5. Define the concept of emotional intelligence. Discuss the role emotional intelligence plays in building relationships and improving performance at work. Define: the abilities to recognise and regulate emotions in ourselves and others. Discuss: Emotionally intelligent people are responsive to others and able to use their own personal and social competence to express their expectations and values. Researchers have concluded that success is related to more than general intelligence (IQ). Successful people are emotionally intelligent. They have the personal and social competence to develop positive personal, social and work relationships, and to interact easily. Emotional intelligence influences organisational effectiveness in a number of areas: employee recruitment and retention, development of talent, teamwork, employee commitment, morale and health, innovation, productivity, efficiency, sales, revenue, quality of service, customer loyalty, client or student outcomes. 6. Briefly explain the difference between macro-culture and micro-culture including examples for each The macro-culture comprises all the arts, beliefs and institutions (legal,  governmental, business, educational and social) that characterise an ethnic group, race or nation, while a narrower micro-culture exists within the macro-culture. The micro-culture includes the characteristic attitudes and behavior operating within a group, an organisation or a nation. Macroculture usually consists of the culture which influences the majority of the people. In United States, macroculture reflects to the traditions of Western Europe. An example of a micro-culture could be the aboriginal community within the larger Australian community. 7. Describe the characteristics of Hall’s context model of culture Hall’s context model demonstrates that communication and culture are not only about words. Not just text, but context. It explains how context can be measured and that there are two extremes – low and high High context: A culture in which the context of communicated messages is as important as the communicated message Low context: A culture in which the context of communicated messages is not as important as the communicated message itself 8. Define the terms ‘enculturation’ and acculturation’ and explain how they differ. Provide examples for each of the terms Enculturation is the socialisation process that we go through as we learn about and adapt to our society Examples: unconscious (as we absorb and imitate the daily habits, speech patterns and roles of our parents from infancy) or deliberate (as we are taught specific manners for greeting people, religious rites and rituals, and reading the Bible, Koran, Torah or other literature). Acculturation is the process of cultural adjustment and adaptation people experience as they move from one culture to another. Example: Adopting a culture’s values, symbols and behaviour. Moving to another country and adapting to their customs whilst maintaining your traditions from back home. Differ: Enculturation and Acculturation both involve adapting to society however acculturation is not an unconscious or deliberate process and mainly occurs when introduced to a new culture or environment. 9. What is cultural diversity? Why is it important for people to study diversity as they prepare to enter their career? Cultural diversity is the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole. It is important that people study diversity as they prepare to enter their career because people can then accommodate differences in the background, perspectives and family responsibilities of other employees, and gather knowledge from the diversity of perspectives to generate new ideas and ways of doing things. It is also important, as they will already have acknowledged that the workplace is diverse and also respect other colleagues of their customs and cultural beliefs. This in turn prevents any form of discrimination, and judgement. 10. Hofstede’s five†dimensional model of culture has substantial potential for aiding our understanding of individual cultures and for comparing cultures. What are the five dimensions in the model? Briefly explain any one of the dimensions. Five Dimensions Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity Long-term vs. Short-Term Orientation Uncertainty Avoidance Defines the extent to which members of a culture feel nervous about, or are threatened by, situations they perceive as ambiguous, unclear or unstructured. People in high-uncertainty cultures: Are risk averse Maintain strict codes of behaviour Establish more formal rules Tend to be resistant to change. People in low-uncertainty cultures: Take more risks Require fewer structures Are more informal and relaxed Are willing to accept change.

Bses

Due Date: 05-11-2012 Electricity Bill Name : Mr. HIREN UPADHYAYA BIlling S/O Mr. DINESH UPADHYAYA PROP NO-T-61, Address :TF (F/P) WESTERN SIDE BHOGAL ROAD, BHOGAL NEW DELHI 110014 Sanctioned Load Contract Demand MDI Power Factor Pole No. Book No. Walking Sequence Circle / Zone Tariff Category Meter No Units 21129618 21129618 KWH KW CA No. CRN No. Energisation Date Meter Type Supply Type Bill No. Bill Basis : 101973953 : 2540258523 : 11. 06. 2009 : 1PSK : LT : 100780497688 : Actual Cycle No. Mobile / Tel. No. : 9999331714 District / Division : Nizamuddin Meter Status: OK Billing Period: NOV-12 Bill Date: 16-10-2012 : 4. 00 : : 7. 10 : 1. 000 : NZDPG641S1 : BRJ : BRJ010061A0AA : SOUTH-1 : Domestic : 12 Customer Care Centre No. 39999707 Billed Consumption (Current) Date of Meter Reading Reading 09-10-2012 22,386. 00 09-10-2012 7. 10 Billing Details Billed Consumption (Previous) Date of Meter Reading Reading 09-08-2012 19,131. 00 Current Period Charges ( 10-08-2012 to 09-10-2012 Multiplication Factor Current Consumption Days Units 1. 00 1. 00 61 3,255. 00 7. 10 ) Fixed Charges (A) Slab-wise Energy Charges Slab-wise FPA/PPA TOD Srch@8% Elec. tricity Total Amount on (E= Tax @ 5% (A+B+C+D+E+ Cons. Measrd Billed Units Unit Amount(B) FPA/PP Amount(C) TOD% on Surg/Rebt . A+B+D+R) (F) F) During Rate A% B Amount (D) 200. 00 800. 00 4. 80 3840. 00 .00 1580. 16 1055. 81 22387. 97 2. 00 Mth(s) 2,455. 00 6. 40 15712. 00 .00 3255. 00 TOTAL 19552. 00 .00 Past Dues / Refunds / Subsidy Arrears / Refunds Period to which it relates Late Payment Surcharge (LPSC) Other Charges, if any * Total Charges Payable Rebate(R) / Subsidy* Net Amount Payable 0. 00 Amount 4. 50 22392. 47 0. 00/0. 00 22392. 47 0. 00 rnd_prvbil, Amount not immediately payable, if any. Rs. 0. 00 Reasons Security Deposit with DISCOM Bill Amount Payable Rs. 2400. 00 Interest accrued for FY 2011-12 already adjusted in bill No. 101140291823 Rs. (120. 20) ( generated for the period 15-02-2012 to13-04-2012). Interest for FY 2012-13 will be adjusted in your first bill to be generated in FY 2013-14 Rs. 22390. 00 Due Date of Payment 05-11-2012 If payment is made after the due date, LPSC for the delay, shall be charged in the next bill. Last payment Rs. 35520. 00 received on 31-08-2012 Payment Accounted Upto. 13-10-2012 The connection shall be liable for disconnection on non payment of all dues(including arrears of previous bill(s)) by due date, after notice as per Section 56(1) of the Electricity Act, 2003. i) This bill has been prepared as per revised tariff order communicated vide DERC order no F. 11(771)/DERC/2011-12/1577 1578 dated 27th June 2012. ii) As per DERC order no F. 3(298)/Tariff/DERC/2010-11/2601/1606 dated 29th June 2012, FPA shall not be charged from 1st July 2012. Hence FPA has been discontinued for the energy consumption after 1st Ju ly 2012. iii) As per GoNCTD order no. F 11(69)/2006/Power/pt/1211 dated 2nd April 2012, a subsidy of Rs 1/- per unit to all domestic consumers consuming upto 200 units per month will be available till further orders by Government of NCT of Delhi. The amount of security deposit against your connection is mentioned herewith under Security Deposit with DISCOM. Please check this amount and report any discrepancy in that regard by furnishing documentary proof available with you at the customer care centre of respective division office. ENERGY SAVED IS ENERGY PRODUCED. (This bill is computer generated, hence does not require signature. ) ————————————————————— —————————————————————- ——⠀”–Receipt Payment Slip * Make your cheque/DD payable to BRPL CA No. 101973953 * Cheque should not be post dated. * Write your telephone number on reverse of the cheque. * Cheque should be account payee and payable at Delhi * Do not Staple. Only clip the cheque to payment slip.. Bill amount payable: Rs. 22390. 00 Cheque/DD No. 1200R101973953000002239247201211050000000000 Registered office:BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd. BSES Bhavan Nehru Place New Delhi 110019 A joint venture of Reliance Infrastructure Ltd. Govt. of NCT. Delhi. Bill month:NOV-12 Date: Bses Due Date: 05-11-2012 Electricity Bill Name : Mr. HIREN UPADHYAYA BIlling S/O Mr. DINESH UPADHYAYA PROP NO-T-61, Address :TF (F/P) WESTERN SIDE BHOGAL ROAD, BHOGAL NEW DELHI 110014 Sanctioned Load Contract Demand MDI Power Factor Pole No. Book No. Walking Sequence Circle / Zone Tariff Category Meter No Units 21129618 21129618 KWH KW CA No. CRN No. Energisation Date Meter Type Supply Type Bill No. Bill Basis : 101973953 : 2540258523 : 11. 06. 2009 : 1PSK : LT : 100780497688 : Actual Cycle No. Mobile / Tel. No. : 9999331714 District / Division : Nizamuddin Meter Status: OK Billing Period: NOV-12 Bill Date: 16-10-2012 : 4. 00 : : 7. 10 : 1. 000 : NZDPG641S1 : BRJ : BRJ010061A0AA : SOUTH-1 : Domestic : 12 Customer Care Centre No. 39999707 Billed Consumption (Current) Date of Meter Reading Reading 09-10-2012 22,386. 00 09-10-2012 7. 10 Billing Details Billed Consumption (Previous) Date of Meter Reading Reading 09-08-2012 19,131. 00 Current Period Charges ( 10-08-2012 to 09-10-2012 Multiplication Factor Current Consumption Days Units 1. 00 1. 00 61 3,255. 00 7. 10 ) Fixed Charges (A) Slab-wise Energy Charges Slab-wise FPA/PPA TOD Srch@8% Elec. tricity Total Amount on (E= Tax @ 5% (A+B+C+D+E+ Cons. Measrd Billed Units Unit Amount(B) FPA/PP Amount(C) TOD% on Surg/Rebt . A+B+D+R) (F) F) During Rate A% B Amount (D) 200. 00 800. 00 4. 80 3840. 00 .00 1580. 16 1055. 81 22387. 97 2. 00 Mth(s) 2,455. 00 6. 40 15712. 00 .00 3255. 00 TOTAL 19552. 00 .00 Past Dues / Refunds / Subsidy Arrears / Refunds Period to which it relates Late Payment Surcharge (LPSC) Other Charges, if any * Total Charges Payable Rebate(R) / Subsidy* Net Amount Payable 0. 00 Amount 4. 50 22392. 47 0. 00/0. 00 22392. 47 0. 00 rnd_prvbil, Amount not immediately payable, if any. Rs. 0. 00 Reasons Security Deposit with DISCOM Bill Amount Payable Rs. 2400. 00 Interest accrued for FY 2011-12 already adjusted in bill No. 101140291823 Rs. (120. 20) ( generated for the period 15-02-2012 to13-04-2012). Interest for FY 2012-13 will be adjusted in your first bill to be generated in FY 2013-14 Rs. 22390. 00 Due Date of Payment 05-11-2012 If payment is made after the due date, LPSC for the delay, shall be charged in the next bill. Last payment Rs. 35520. 00 received on 31-08-2012 Payment Accounted Upto. 13-10-2012 The connection shall be liable for disconnection on non payment of all dues(including arrears of previous bill(s)) by due date, after notice as per Section 56(1) of the Electricity Act, 2003. i) This bill has been prepared as per revised tariff order communicated vide DERC order no F. 11(771)/DERC/2011-12/1577 1578 dated 27th June 2012. ii) As per DERC order no F. 3(298)/Tariff/DERC/2010-11/2601/1606 dated 29th June 2012, FPA shall not be charged from 1st July 2012. Hence FPA has been discontinued for the energy consumption after 1st Ju ly 2012. iii) As per GoNCTD order no. F 11(69)/2006/Power/pt/1211 dated 2nd April 2012, a subsidy of Rs 1/- per unit to all domestic consumers consuming upto 200 units per month will be available till further orders by Government of NCT of Delhi. The amount of security deposit against your connection is mentioned herewith under Security Deposit with DISCOM. Please check this amount and report any discrepancy in that regard by furnishing documentary proof available with you at the customer care centre of respective division office. ENERGY SAVED IS ENERGY PRODUCED. (This bill is computer generated, hence does not require signature. ) ————————————————————— —————————————————————- ——⠀”–Receipt Payment Slip * Make your cheque/DD payable to BRPL CA No. 101973953 * Cheque should not be post dated. * Write your telephone number on reverse of the cheque. * Cheque should be account payee and payable at Delhi * Do not Staple. Only clip the cheque to payment slip.. Bill amount payable: Rs. 22390. 00 Cheque/DD No. 1200R101973953000002239247201211050000000000 Registered office:BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd. BSES Bhavan Nehru Place New Delhi 110019 A joint venture of Reliance Infrastructure Ltd. Govt. of NCT. Delhi. Bill month:NOV-12 Date:

Best Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Best Practices - Essay Example Rather, learning in the hospital I work in includes the needed information on health, medical procedures, diagnostics and the like. Educational materials in this setting can be synonymous to informational materials since these are used to inform and educate the patients, doctors, and nurses alike. Educational technologies can be seen in several sectors in terms of how these are used. These sectors that I am referring to are the patients and the health care providers that include the doctors, nurses, dieticians, therapists etc. Patient education comes in various ways and in various objectives. Patients are educated on the ways to alleviate their health conditions, preventive care, and rehabilitation (Patient education, 2006). They are given instructions on how to take their medications, perform exercises and prepare the prescribed meals and the like. These may be done with the use of simple â€Å"to do† lists or with more complex set of materials that includes pictures, illustrations, and flow charts. For instructions on medications for example, depending on the complexity and number of medicines that the patient needs to take, educational materials can be as simple as chart for the schedule of intake of the medicines and the dosage. For rehabilitation and therapy education, illustrations that show how a particular exercise is done are used. These illustrations may be in the form of a printed material or a video presentation or even a live performance by the therapist or the physician. Back exercise s, for example, can be easily illustrated by the physician or therapist providing the instructions. To serve as a reminder, handouts with the illustrations of the back exercises will be given to the patient. Food guides, recipes, and measurement guides are given to patients with special diet requirements and these are in the form of printed materials, diary

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Logistics - Essay Example Redetermination barely allows the buyer and seller to reach a firm price prior to production. Supplier’s incentive is primly on cost elements to the detriment of quality interest expressed by the client (Ward 2008).Should the supplier manage to demonstrate actual cost savings, usually when it involves high unit costs, the resultant cost savings from the initial cost targets is shared between the buyer and supplier based on predetermined rate. The fixed-price Contract with Incentives is considered when the two parties won’t agree on an equitable price (Federal Register 1977). Chapter 14 brings out the advantages of fixed-price contracts with incentives over those with redetermination making it relevant to the topic. When two or more parties get together to do business, they form a contract, some sort of a binding legal agreement. Now the contract law is a body of law that governs these agreements whether written or oral. On the other hand, commercial law is a body of law that refers to how the business parties or firms get into a contract with one another and executes the contract. Should any problem arise in the process, the commercial law ensures its remedy. The commercial law is majorly tied to laws regarding agency and contracts. Finally, the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is not exactly applicable to a business transaction like the other two but rather it comes in at a later stage. The UCC is a model statute used to resolve contract disputes that arise from the sale of goods (LaMance 2013).