Neanderthals Are Not Our Ancestors Essays - Genetic Genealogy, DNA

Neanderthals Are Not Our Ancestors 7-11-97 University Park, Pa. -- A team of U.S. and German researchers has extracted mitochondrial DNA from Neandertal bone showing that the Neandertal DNA sequence falls outside the normal variation of modern humans. These results indicate that Neandertals did not contribute mitochondrial DNA to modern humans, says Dr. Mark Stoneking, associate professor of anthropology at Penn State. Neandertals are not our ancestors. The research also reaffirms the origins of modern humans in Africa. Reporting in today's (July 11) issue of the journal Cell, the researchers detail their methods and the results of analysis of Neandertal mitochondrial DNA. The research team includes Matthias Krings, graduate student, and Dr. Svante Paabo, professor of zoology, University of Munich; Dr. Ann Stone, postdoctoral fellow, University of Arizona; Ralf W. Schmitz and Heike Krainitzki of Rhineland Museum, Bonn, Germany; and Stoneking. Current theory holds that Neandertals became extinct only 30,000 years ago and co-existed with modern humans in Europe. The team, however, found that Neandertals and modern humans diverged genetically 500,000 to 600,000 years ago, suggesting that though they may have lived at the same time, Neandertals did not contribute genetic material to modern humans. Since 1991, an interdisciplinary project of the Rhineland Museum, headed by Schmitz, has focused on the Neandertal-type specimen. This specimen was found in 1856 near Dusseldorf, Germany. As a part of this project, a sample was removed for DNA analysis. The ability to extract DNA from ancient bone is dependent on many factors, including preservation, temperature and humidity, says Stoneking, a faculty member in Penn State's College of the Liberal Arts. Paabo previously showed that even if extracting ancient DNA is possible, it tends to be damaged and degraded, yielding only short fragments. The researchers used a method of overlapping short strands of DNA to obtain a mitochondrial DNA sequence of 378 base pairs. To ensure that errors caused by damaged DNA were not incorporated into the sequence and that modern human DNA did not contaminate the samples, the researchers ran multiple extractions and amplifications. They also sent a sample to Penn State's Anthropological Genetics Laboratory where Stone, then a Ph.D. candidate at Penn State, ran a parallel extraction and amplification of the DNA. To begin amplification, the researchers used two human primers -- small pieces of DNA that match the beginning of the sequence to be amplified. The first two human primers we chose worked, says Stoneking. It turns out this was a lucky choice. To check that the amplified DNA was really Neandertal, the researchers prepared primers based on their extracted sample and ran them on numerous human DNA samples. The Neandertal primers did not amplify any human DNA, says Stoneking. Most human primers would probably not work on Neandertal DNA. The researchers compared the Neandertal sequence with 2,051 human sequences and 59 common chimpanzee sequences. They found that the differences in Neandertal DNA occurred at sites where differences usually occur in both humans and chimps. The changes reflect the evolutionary pattern typical of mitochondrial DNA sequences of living humans and chimpanzees, not that of random damage or degradation, says Stoneking. When the researchers looked at the Neandertal sequence with respect to 994 human mitochondrial DNA lineages including Africans, Europeans, Asians, Native Americans, Australians and Pacific Islanders, they found the number of base pair differences between the Neandertal sequence and these groups was 27 or 28 for all groups. While Neandertals inhabited the same geographic region as contemporary Europeans, the observed differences between the Neandertal sequence and modern Europeans do not indicate a closer relationship to modern Europeans than to other contemporary human populations, says Stoneking. The researchers used phylogenetic tree reconstruction -- a method that uses mitochondrial DNA to place individual groups in relative relationship -- to check the results of their pair-wise DNA comparisons. The trees show that the Neandertal sequence branches before the divergence of the various human mitochondrial DNA lineages, but after the split from chimpanzees. This phylogenetic tree also shows that the first three branches of humans are of African origin, with only the fourth branch showing non-African sequences. The branching pattern indicates that the ancestor of the mitochondrial DNA gene pool of contemporary humans lived in Africa, says Stoneking of Penn State. The researchers are confident with their results, but they caution that they are derived from

Free Essays on Barbie

Barbie, the Plague that must be stopped! In today’s society, many negative images influence our children’s sense of reality. From the vulgar music that has contaminates the airwaves to cartoons reared for the viewing of young children; like the Simpson, which contain foul language and sexual content. Many children idolize their favorite action hero, pop star or if society is lucky hopefully parents that are positive role models, but what if your child idolized the Barbie doll? Yes, the perfect buxom blonde bombshell that is somehow capable of conquering the world with her smile and the right hue of lipstick. Mattel, one of the worlds leading Toy Companies, has had their share of controversy with the Barbie Doll. Women right’s activist feel there is much emphasizes on appearance in our society from weight, height, and race, rather than education, self-esteem and moral values, and that society as a whole needs to take responsibility in the empowerment and the development of children. In addition, as individuals, we have allowed societies image of beauty and acceptance infiltrate our own perceptions. Although Barbie is merely a doll her values and body image is a negative example for her young practitioners. Personally, I was not a fan of Barbie as a young girl; remote control cars and trucks captured my interest rather than a doll. Society and individuals should discontinue the use or participation of any game, toy or sport that can be described any way as a negative image for children. Has society allowed itself to play a part in developing characteristics of the Barbie doll? Well of course, they have. Everywhere you look, magazine ads show ways to loose weight or how to change ones appearance in order to gain acceptance from peers. The majority of women are striving to reach the perfect ideal of what society feels is beautiful which leads many to dieting, excessive exercising and in worse cases the help of docto... Free Essays on Barbie Free Essays on Barbie Barbie, the Plague that must be stopped! In today’s society, many negative images influence our children’s sense of reality. From the vulgar music that has contaminates the airwaves to cartoons reared for the viewing of young children; like the Simpson, which contain foul language and sexual content. Many children idolize their favorite action hero, pop star or if society is lucky hopefully parents that are positive role models, but what if your child idolized the Barbie doll? Yes, the perfect buxom blonde bombshell that is somehow capable of conquering the world with her smile and the right hue of lipstick. Mattel, one of the worlds leading Toy Companies, has had their share of controversy with the Barbie Doll. Women right’s activist feel there is much emphasizes on appearance in our society from weight, height, and race, rather than education, self-esteem and moral values, and that society as a whole needs to take responsibility in the empowerment and the development of children. In addition, as individuals, we have allowed societies image of beauty and acceptance infiltrate our own perceptions. Although Barbie is merely a doll her values and body image is a negative example for her young practitioners. Personally, I was not a fan of Barbie as a young girl; remote control cars and trucks captured my interest rather than a doll. Society and individuals should discontinue the use or participation of any game, toy or sport that can be described any way as a negative image for children. Has society allowed itself to play a part in developing characteristics of the Barbie doll? Well of course, they have. Everywhere you look, magazine ads show ways to loose weight or how to change ones appearance in order to gain acceptance from peers. The majority of women are striving to reach the perfect ideal of what society feels is beautiful which leads many to dieting, excessive exercising and in worse cases the help of docto...

Desiging and Early College High School for African American Males Dissertation

Desiging and Early College High School for African American Males - Dissertation Example In many instances the latter may be an issue, especially when some teachers are afraid of young African American males (Brown, 2011). To this end, there are programs in the United States that provide mentoring for African American boys who need attention to help them prepare for college (Brown, 2011). The reason mentoring is so crucial is because public schools have traditionally misunderstood how to work with African American males to the point that they are not given the opportunities to partake in â€Å"classes offering enriched educational offerings† (Holzman, 2010, p. 4). For many African American males this means that they go to prison rather than college and they only find low wage jobs as a consequence of such tendencies (Holzman, 2010). This is not the intended plight of these students. They are viable students that can make a strong contribution to society if they are given a chance. Generally, African American males have a lower graduation rate than Caucasian studen ts and other minorities. According to the Educational Testing Service (ETS) (2011) African American males fail at a tremendous rate. ... In a regular high school this is well below the standard of Caucasian students who show 38 percent proficiency in reading by fourth grade and 44 percent proficiency in math by eighth grade (ETS, 2011). There is no doubt that something must be done to help African American males succeed. The New School Concept Across the United States, the development of new schools to provide parents with different choices for their children grew, because of the Now Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This Act created opportunities for schools to work with students in different ways, and it called for children to be proficient in certain areas at certain times in their education. This Act was to close the achievement gap between Caucasian students and minority students (blacks and Hispanics) but it but it created more of a gap for African American students instead of closing the gap (Knaus, 2007). Part of the challenge for many schools has been that they are given teachers who are unprepared to teach Afri can American students (Knaus, 2007). In large urban areas, where there is a large amount of poverty, schools may have â€Å"three times as many uncertified or out-of-field teachers of low-poverty schools† (Knaus, 2007, p. 1). When African American males become resistant to this type of schooling and choose not to attend, they can be subject to moves to other types of schools like â€Å"continuation† schools or alternatives schools, and then to the juvenile justice system (Knaus, 2007, p. 1). This is not the type of situation that society needs for its African American youth. Central to the success of any school and especially new schools is the quality of the educators who work with

Discuss the relevant issues which surround Directors' Remuneration Essay

Discuss the relevant issues which surround Directors' Remuneration Packages and actions which have been taken to solve these issues of contention - Essay Example ty has been demanding for institutional investors to support an autonomous call for companies to either reconsider the payment of top level management or face harsh actions on the corporate governance policy by the government. Thus, the definition of directors’ remuneration has emerged as a major issue of academic interest which is the objective of the study (Prasanna, 2005). Correspondingly, the issues discussed within this study include regular increase of directors’ remuneration as compared to the stagnant pay scale of the workers. It also oversees at the situation where directors’ remuneration has been continuously increasing even when the company is suffering losses. The study also delineates the actions that have been taken to solve these issues which include enhanced transparency of directors’ remuneration in the financial data provided by the company. In the recent years, it has been observed that the shareholders, workers, general public and the media have increased their concerns relating to the remuneration packages paid to the directors. This issue involves poorly organised remuneration report which fails to exactly demonstrate the linkage between the pay and the performance, inappropriate transparency of the companies to report the remuneration package and excessive payments for exit of director’s who depart from the company. In addition, the issues also surround the changes in the structure and level of the directors’ remuneration from the last era which has been ever-increasing irrespective of the company’s size and performance. Director’s remuneration issues often arise due to the market failure that occurs in the heart of corporate governance system. Moreover, shareholders do not maintain any control on the director’s pay which increases the possibility of director’s pursuing a s trategy that would reward them personally instead of contributing to the company’s long-term value (Crown, 2012). It also has been observed that due

Implementation of the Basic Human Right - the Right for Freedom due to Term Paper

Implementation of the Basic Human Right - the Right for Freedom due to the European Convention of Human Rights - Term Paper Example The sublimeness of the idea of human rights is enough to capture the imagination and fancy of someone reflecting on the idea. But if one is pulled back into reality, with the grimness of the world that human beings have created for themselves, one then is thrust to the question of justice, of equality, of liberty, of rights, and of freedom.  Ã‚   And for this very reason, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom and its Eight Protocol came into inception.Europe ravaged by the atrocities of the Second World War had become the living witness of the extent of the possibility of the madness that could be inflicted by man to other men.   Thus, the man-made catastrophe – genocide - had spurred various leaders of Europe to come together and create a treaty.   A convention that will have for its undertakings â€Å"the promotion or encouragement of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction, and to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of these objectives.† Together with this sad and horrifying experience of Europe is the fact that during the creation of the convention, Europe is â€Å"ideologically broken,† because during that time the â€Å"ideological conflict between Eastern Europe and Western Europe† was as real and as palpable as any concrete human experience.   With these two reasons acting as the primary motivators and ethos, Europe had created the European Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its eight Protocols. This convention was â€Å"signed on November 4, 1950† and â€Å"entered into force on September 3,1953†.It is in this light that this paper is being pursued - to be able to shed light into the question of liberty as it is elucidated and clarified in the â€Å"European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms a nd Its Eight Protocols.†Ã‚  

Operations Management for Competitive Advantage

Operations Management for Competitive Advantage Introduction : Operations Management is present in many occupations as well as those of manufacturing and service industries. I believe it to be present in daily duties of any person although they may never notice. With this in mind I see operations management as a skill anyone has with an aim of achieving an outcome of something they are working towards in a logical process with thought of awareness of a system structure. Operations management has been around for some time yet it was Christopher Polhelm (Sweden) first recognised a skill and recorded that Nothing increases demand so much as low prices. Therefore there is a great need of machines and appliances which will diminish the amount or intensity of heavy work (Extract from text book Operations Management supplied by DMU for open learning please see bibliography) this was around 1700. There are cases in many history books and stories passed down that operations management was present before this yet not identified as operations management. From 1700 business development has grew significantly and seems to have been a notable point of operations management to present day. Operation management is depending upon five performance objectives i.e.ÂÂ  Quality, Flexibility, Cost, Speed and dependability. Quality: Quality means doing things right. An operation needs to be spotless and in order, have appropriate and attractive furnishings and make sure that the staffs are friendly and helpful. Quality reduces costs and increases dependability. Flexibility: The Flexibility facilitate to any changes. Different products and services need to be available, for example the opening times need to be varied as the main customers (students) have varying timetables. ÂÂ   Cost: The membership prices need to be a suitable price to facilitate students and people with different financial situations. The cost of hiring employment needs to be considered as well as the cost of the equipment. The lower the cost of producing their services, the lower the cost to the customer will be. This is a very attractive attribute, especially to students. Speed: The speed of the internal processes can reduce inventories and reduce risks. Dependability: The staffs want to be able to do things in time for the customers to receive their services. Being reliable causes the customers to become more loyal over time. Dependability can save time, save money and give support throughout the operation, internally and externally. In this assignment I try to focus on above all objectives and how manufacturing process is going? How much time taking each Department for their work? Why occur delay for delivery to Customer? Whats role of Human Resources in maintain Quality, Cost and Time? Why storage is create scarcity of space? Why quality is going down? Product value and Customer satisfaction Etc. Operation management find out best solution before arise problem. Operation Management is helpful for Decision making, Developing a process strategy, managing effective project, process analysing, Demand Forecasting, managing Quality, planning Capacity, managing Inventories etc. In this assignment I researched on Rama Newsprint Papers Ltd, India, which is largest private paper Production Company. It is running by more than 2000 workforce. This is manufacturing Cream Wove, Super printing, base paper for coating, map litho; SS map litho, Copier paper and newsprint etc. It has $ 50 million equity or spread over in 400 ac res land. RNPL has also own 23 mw Power plants. This company is huge in paper industry sector and I am sure it will be increase my knowledge in Operation management and its systems. Manufacturing Process of Newsprint Paper : The paper industry is basically based on wood and wood based pulp. But Rama Newsprint is produce paper by Recycling process. This plan is zero wastage process plans. Wastepaper is a key input in the production of newsprint, packaging paper and paperboards. Production of specialty paper involves the use of different varieties of pulp, which lend special quality to the paper. Here below illustrate whole manufacturing process of paper. R D and QC Department : This department play important role in manufacturing process. R D department is continuously taking sample from Raw material, Deinking and Paper machine for checking quality of ongoing process and find out anything wrong in the process. As per operation management quality is very important issue and this is handled by R D and QC department. Raw materials Department : Paper manufacturing is start from Raw materials department. This department is using Virgin Pulp, Local/Imported old newspaper (ONP), News Pams, Mixed office waste, Old Telephone Directory, Old magazine grade (OMG) for raw materials. But these all materials are available in wastage paper. This department is sorting fibre, plastic, iron, dust etc from west paper. Sorting is important part of process. If sorting is not good, quality of paper will be bad. This is very sensitive department and root of the process. This department retain maximum labour for sorting work. After sorting process this wastage paper send to Deinking department and complete their work. ( Ref C : http://www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0006_0_img0128.jpg ) Deinking Department : After completion of Raw materials sorting process, Deinking department is ready to start next process. In this department waste papers have been mixes with water and wash by Chemical. This departments core work is removing Ink from paper and converts in to Pulp by mixing Sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide. The chips close into pulp in the resolution. Next the pulp is sent through filters.ÂÂ  BleachÂÂ  may be added at this stage, or colourings. The pulp is sent to the paper plant. Thats for this department called De-Inking. In this stage also mix some chemical for create brightness in paper and which is providing by CAPP department. This completed Pulp has been send to paper Machine Department and finished their work. Paper Machine Department : The pulp is next put through a beating and squeezing course called, properly enough, pasting. Inside a large container, the pulp is subjected to the produce of machine beaters. At this point, various packing materials can be supplementary such as chalks, clays, or chemicals such as titanium oxide. These additives will control the dullness and other qualities of the final product. Sizings are also added at this point. Sizing affects the way the paper will react with various inks. ( Ref C : http://www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0006_0_img0128.jpg ) In instruct to ultimately revolve the pulp into paper, the pulp is fed or pumped into colossal, automated machines. One ordinary category is called the Fourdrinier instrument. Pulp is fed into the Fourdrinier machine on a touching belt of bright mesh selection. The pulp is squeezed through a series of rollers, while suction strategy under the belt drains rotten water. If the paper is to obtain a water-mark, a device called a dandy moves across the sheet of pulp and presses a design into it. The paper then moves on top of the press part of the machine, where it is pushed between rollers of wool felt. The paper then passes over a series of steam-heated cylinders to eradicate the left over water. A large machine may have from 45 to 65 aeration cylinders. Finishing House Department: Finally, the dried paper is injuring onto large reels, where it will be additional processed depending on its last use. Paper is round and packed in further by passing through metal rollers called calendars. A particular finish, whether supple and waterless or solid and glossy, can be imparted by the calendars. The paper may be further ended by passing through a container of sizing material. It may also obtain a covering, which is either brushed on or rolled on. Covering ads chemicals or pigments to the papers outside, supplementing the sizing and fillers from previous in the course. Fine clay is often used as a covering. The paper may after that be supercalendered, that is, run from first to last extremely silky calendar rollers, for a closing time. Then the paper is cut to the wanted size. Product Wear House Department : This is the final stage of Paper process. This stage PWH department is packing cutter paper and send to storage or customer. This department is storage paper size wise on different place. Whenever requirement arise easy to find out and send to customer. Product life cycle of RNPL : When offering papers product to customer is that they have a variety. They have an enormous number of a ways of expenses their money and spaces to spend it. Therefore, Rama newsprint papers places considerable emphasises on developing a new paper product which customers want. Market research establishes exactly what this is. However customers requirements change overtime. What is fashionable and eye-catching today may be excess tomorrow. Marketing constantly monitors customers first choice. In order to assemble these changes, RNPL has tried to launch new product with change in old product. The type of selling undertaken and the amount invested will be dissimilar, depending on the phase a product has reached. For example, the begin on of a new product will classically involve television and other advertising support. At several time a company will have a variety of assets, a share portfolio integrated shares in a range of different companies of product each in a diverse phase of life cycle. Some of RNPLs option is going constant at the growth stage. Paper is a daily use product but not much profit making industry. In Indian market more than 800 paper industries are running in paper sector. So competition is on high level and also tough. Thats reason is for paper industries are not reach to maturity level of product life cycle. Process Flow Chart : A process chart is a set method of documenting all the activities performed by a person or group at a workplace, with a customer, or working with certain materials. It analyzes a process using a table, and provides information about each step in the process. It is used to drill down to the job level for an individual person, a team or a focused nested process. In this process five categories. Process flow chart with easy to identify gap between two process and this is giving idea to management for generating idea for resolve it. On below chart easy to identify marketing department send order to PWH department on right time. But lack of efficiency of PWH department, they are not putting in to process and make a delay. Also PWH department is looking storage department. But there negligence on work create scare of place. Here paper machine department have good efficiency in spite of they cannot work due to scarcity of space. So whole operations in PWH department is making delay in process. Quality Circle : Quality is important part in Paper Industry. If industry ignore to this concept, They will be loose their customer and lose their image in market. Rama Newsprint papers Ltd is also believe in this concept and Quality circle implemented in organisation. RNPL established department wise Quality circle committee and they meet to one time in a week. They discussed regarding problem, production, cost reduction idea, new technology, participative management, Decision making on new things etc.. They are tried to solve problem at department level. If its not possible than bring it to management level and search solution. Quality circle is good concept in management theory and RNPL completely follow to this and short out problem on root level and avoid delay. This is also responsible for cost saving and quality improvement. Porters Value Chain Michael Porter (1985) the strategic inventor of the Porter Value Chain constructed a chain effect understanding that every business should implement for logical understanding and awareness of its inputs and outputs as a business. He separated the business functions into primary and secondary methods, primary being dedicated to the product or service and secondary being supportive methods to aid the primary. Porters (Michael Porter 1985) Value Chain (VC). From the model suggests, that no issue how many operational units that are concerned in the course of generating customer value; these primary actions can be conceptualised into five common stages. The five primary stages are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. These primary stages are supported by the firms infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, and purchasing and procurement. The stages within the VC should not be seen in segregation but looked at in a wider context and include the connections between stages not just within the processes. The relationship between sales, operations and procurement for instance can determine how much stock is to be carried and therefore reflected in cost of inventory held. ( Ref Book Operation Management Processes and Supply Chain Lee, Larry Manoj ) Value activities are divided in to two types, Primary activities and support activities. Primary activities involved in the physical creation of the product, sales and transportation to the buyers as well as after sells services. Primary activity alienated into five categories. Support activities are support to primary activities and each other given that purchased inputs, technology, human resources and various firm-wide functions. Primary Activities : The primary activities of the organisation are group in to five main areas: Inbound logistics : RNPL concerned with receiving, storming and distributing the inputs to the products. In this included raw materials, handling, stock control, transportation etc.. Operation : the transformation of these various inputs into the final paper or newsprint : machine, packaging, testing etc. Outbound logistics : The collection, storage and distribution of the product to customers. In RNPL involves Product were house activities, material handling, transportation etc. In this part most important to bring services to customer on fixed location. Marketing sales : in this part RNPL create their own image in paper industry by advertising, highest production per day and strong administration department. Also loosening with customer and take a feed back of customer. Services : all the activities depend upon services after sells. After sells services consist of installation, start up of product, replacement, warranties etc. RNPL also provide quality assurance guarantees to customer. Support Activities : The support activities divided in to four areas. Procurement: all primary activity have been refers to the process of acquiring the various resource. This is the main part of the organisation. Human Resource management: RNPL is very poor about human resources and this is the main root of problem. Here value chain is play important role to emphasise more training development, motivation like monitoring non monitoring ways to workforce, recruiting skilled manpower. Technology development : Technology is directly related with product, process or resources. if employees do not understand how to operate equipment, its create big problem for firm. In RNPL most of the workforce recruit experienced with higher pay scale. This is increase production cost to firm. If they create their own workforce by providing T D to old staff is better than higher new staff. Infrastructure : RNPL plan lay out and infrastructure is good but some place require some change. Infrastructure is also consisting of the structure and routines of the organisation that sustain RNPL culture. This all activities are implement perfectly by RNPL is must be require for in competitive terms, value is the amount that buyer are willing to pay for what a firms provided them with product perceived value. Value chain model is very helpful to RNPL for win to paper market and therefore they have to implement and follow above all activities. So value chain is guide to industry how to win market and create own image in market. For RNPL has a value chain is key success. Recommendation : As student I cannot give the exact idea about reading just few papers for the company which is running successfully since 1991. Company has history of19 years they have created their name and fame through their working pattern and workforce who works for them. I am little bit small to evaluated and give the recommendation to the companys board of directors they are the genius in their planning and implementation of their Operation Management systems. 1 ) Most of the companies are manufacturing product depend upon order or make to stock. RNPL is also following these methods. But RNPL not use perfect performance metrics in process and these are the main reason for delay in manufacturing product. As a student I would like to suggest to RNPL, if they will follow some below formula for manufacturing process. Defiantly they will almost achieve their target. Operation time = Setup time Run time Throughput time = Average time for a unit to move through the system Speed = Throughput time Value-added time Cycle Time Example Suppose RNPL had to produce 10 paper roll in 50 hours to meet the demand requirements of a product. There are 3000 minutes (60 minutes/hour x 50 hours) in 50 hours. So the average time between completions would have to be: Cycle time = 3,000/10 roll = 300 minutes. Process Throughput Time Reduction All of this work done after RNPL should apply bellow main three concept for process. A ) It must be execute activities in corresponding. B ) Change the series of activities. C ) Reduce interruptions 2 ) Human Resource Management : Humans are core part of process and they have been a particular platform in Organization. Human is sensitive part of operation management. If employees are not satisfied, organization will loose target. Employees play important role in quality management and have a power to make decision that will improve quality and customer services. Strategic goals for quality and customer satisfaction require teamwork and group participation. RNPL is face lack of satisfaction in their employees and that for so many causes are responsible. I would like to suggest some ideas for implementing in company for success in paper sector. Employees are not satisfied with management systems. Management follows autocratic and close leadership and this is demotivate to employees. If RNPL will understand employees requirement and change the management styles towards employees, definitely company will get incredible growth. Change the management style from Autocratic to Liberal, means employees have been invite for decision making, Quality circle, participation in management, giving more responsibility etc.. These all are motivate to employees for achieving goal. RNPL should more focus on Technical commercial training to employees. Trained workforce is more productive as well qualitative and also Time saver. RNPL should be implement below T D activities through minimise cost, time and maintain quality. Create Apprentice force in the Organisation. Apprentice is productive, cheaper and easy to available. Provide more paper machine operation training to employees and these are useful for minimise cost and increase qualitative production. Job specification has been implementing in Organisation. Employees have been mastery in work through it. These is key of maintain quality, cost and time. Job rotation is also important part of operation. It should be implementing in RNPL. Also provide commercial training like time keeping, communication, leadership, cost reduction etc. 3 ) Raw materials department has been also needed some change for Time saving and Quality maintaining. In sorting work per bunch require maximum 20 to 30 minutes. But lack of inspection on labour makes delay in this process. Also sorting work is not going accurate. This is creating adverse impact on Paper quality and deinking departments system. So as per my suggestion management have to take strict step against labour. 4 ). Product wear house department is end of the manufacturing process part. This department is looking storage, separation and selling work. RNPL has lots of space for storage. In spite of arise scarcity of space due to lack of skilled staff. They have no any proper storage system which is helpful for identify thickness wise paper. So they have to implement storage system like inventory management system. 5 ) Central Engineering stores is located so far away from main core department in plan. Maximum time wasted in collection for equipment from store to concern department. If central department located near to core department, definitely maximum time will be saved by RNPL. Conclusion : I conclude that although most businesses look different in their operation most of them actually are similar because all businesses need a foundation to start off with and when they build from their foundations this is where differences occur because of their overall business plan in the 5 key business function. They are Operations Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing, Accounting Finance and Information Management in which they operate from. They start to defer within the sectors they build their business on as every business has a different way of getting their products and services forward depending on the market they explore in which they try to dominate through success to keep the business alive. They key difference is how they outsource their organisational role and activities all depend on how the business is adapted to operate to meet the demand of the businesss activities. This is vital for the business to fulfil their organisational needs so the operation of the business is flawless and it will maximise their organisational productivity and stability. History of RNPL : ( Appendix 1 ) Rama Newsprint and Papers Ltd is largest private sector in Printing Writing paper manufacturing company at a single spot in India. It has 22 percent capacity of production in Indian newsprint sector, based on Virgin Pulp as well as Recycled fibre, to manufacture either 1,44,000 tonnes per annum of Newsprint or 1,80,000 tonnes per annum of Printing Writing paper or a mix of both. The paper mill was established in 1996. Its is set up with an equity of Rs. 233 crores ( US $ 50 million ) and spread over 450 acres of land in village Barbodhan, Gujarat, India, the company is managed by professional Board of Directors having enormous practice in related fields. The company is able to produce Newsprint and Writing paper from Virgin pulp as well as Non-conventional raw materials. The company has also demonstrated deep commitment to the cause of preserving the environment, by setting up a state of the artÂÂ  facility for manufacture of Environ friendly Chlorine free paper. The Company has its own Power plant and water works, means uninterrupted power and water supply leading to non-stop production. A causative feature is the internal engineering workshop for defensive maintenance and looking after leading to permanent invention of process, quality and productivity. Technical partnership with world best in the newsprint industry and aided by a highly qualified and committed workforce of about 500 personnel has now seen us expand into synergetic industries as well as set up an sell overseas existence in Asia and Africa. Water : RNPL has sufficient water bring for its plants and for general human use from Narmada Water Resources Department, Government of Gujarat. RNPL has also occupied a range of initiatives for water upkeep such as Rain water harvesting, recycling re-use of water in the process of manufacturing. Power : RNPL has 23 MW confined power plant installed at site, which ensures supply of quality power for permanent operation of the plant without any break due to power cuts. RNPL has also reserve unit of 17 MW installed at site. Majority of RNPLs power demand is met through confined plant. However It has power authorize boundary of 8500 KVA for paper mill and 550 KVA for raw water supply intake pump house from Gujarat Electricity Board in case of any possibility or surplus demand. Mission : To establish ourselves as leaders in the paper industry in terms of efficiency, productivity, profitability and above all, customer service..

A Comparison of Satire in Catch-22 and Good as Gold :: comparison compare contrast essays

Satire in Catch-22 and Good as Gold    Joseph Heller who is perhaps one of the most famous writers of the 20th century writes on some emotional issues such as war. He does not deal with these issues in the normal fashion instead he criticizes them and the institutions that help carry these things out. Heller in fact goes beyond criticizing he satirizes. Throughout his two major novels Catch-22 and Good as Gold he satirizes almost all of America's respectful institutions.    Catch-22 is a satire on World War II. This novel takes place on the small island of Pianosa in the Mediterranean sea late in the war when Germany is no longer a threat. It is the struggle of one man, Yossarian, to survive the war. Throughout this novel Yossarian is trying to escape the war, and in order to do so he does many improper things. Good as Gold is about a Jewish man named Gold. It is about Gold's experiences with the government while being employed in the White House. It also deals in detail with Gold's family problems and Gold's struggle to write a book on the contemporary Jewish society. Throughout these two novels, Catch-22 and Good as Gold, Heller criticizes many institutions. In Good as Gold it is the White House and government as a whole, and in Catch-22 it is the military and medical institutions.    In Catch-22 the military is heavily satirized. Heller does this by criticizing it. Karl agrees with this statement by offering an example of the satire of both the military and civilian institutions in Catch-22:    The influence of mail clerk Wintergreen, the computer foul-up that promotes Major Major, and the petty rivalries among officers satirizes the communication failures and the cut-throat competition Heller saw within both the civilian and military bureaucracies of the 1950's. Even the Civil Rights movement, not yet widespread in the 1950's, is satirized in Colonel Cathcart attitudes toward enlisted men. (23)    Karl summarizes the satirazation of the military with this:    The enemy in Heller's book is not simply the chaos of war, but also the deadly inhuman bureaucracy of the military-economic establishment which clams to be a stay against chaos while it threatens human life more insidiously then battle itself.    Heller also questions the need for the death and carnage throughout the novel asking if it is really necessary.

Charcoal as Plant Fertilizer

Charcoal is considerably neutral, and the natural wood types are perfect in their ability to amend nearly any type of soil. Today, you may here the term bio-char, and this refers to the larger quantities of organic charcoal being produced for use on organic farms and the like. Charcoal is clean, chemical free in most cases, clean to produce when processed properly, and offers an outstanding result without the potentially harmful chemicals and additives so often thrown in to expensive commercial fertilizers. There are many qualities that charcoal brings to the dinner table, to research, to nature, and to the world that you may not recognize as such unless they are pointed out. Due to its extremely high surface area, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus stick to the charcoal and provide an excellent home to soil friendly bacteria and thus essentially turning charcoal into a slow release fertilizer. Inoculate it with fertilizer before applying. Most of the plants growers nowadays are looking forward for an efficient yet affordable way of growing healthy plants, which are weed and worm free. The Group of â€Å"Kids of Einstein† has chosen this Investigatory Project entitled â€Å"Charcoal as Plant Fertilizer† with the idea that this will be the solution of most of the concerns of the plant-growers around the world. Charcoal can be an alternative for the commercial fertilizers which are more expensive to buy. Charcoal can be found and bought all around and has less cost than of fertilizers. This is a very big help for plant growers. This project was chosen because the group believes that having this would encourage others to spread the news of more effective fertilizers rather than using the commercial ones. This is helpful not only of its guaranteed effect but it can also help lessen the expenses of the plant growers that would help them get more motivated of planting knowing that they can save more.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

I love all different kinds of food. There are a lot of places to go sit and have a nice family dinner or a dinner date with the boyfriend. The best friend also loves to dine in at a small restaurant out in Sturtevant. Its small but the breakfast is very good there. I love to eat but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t think anyone does really. Food now days have gotten us so overweight with all the fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There are so many different types of restaurants to choose from you can eat different ethnic foods all over the U.S. Mexican restaurant One of my favorites! The enchilada dinner plate is so good. It comes with three enchiladas, rice, beans, sour cream and guacamole. You can go to a authentic restaurant and get some really good ones. The green ones are much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good. They also make beef sirloin tip burritos that are also very good. Made with beans, cheddar cheese and beef tips. They make the burritos pretty big and you can get full of off just one. I would recommend going here to try their Mexican food. Italian Restaurant It’s always nice to have a little pizza sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so well together. My daughter usually orders the spaghetti and I always tell her that if she wants spaghetti we could have just stayed home and I could have made it for her. I think she likes to slurp up the noodles and then wipes away the sauce left on her face with her shirt sleeve. But she loves it and it’s cute to see her eat the spaghetti. American restaurant Steak with sautà ©ed mushrooms and A
sauce with a cold cherry pepsi sound really good right about now. I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I like it medium rare which is not so common for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is not pink anymore. When I was younger I would get my steaks well done, until my first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer. I immediately fell in love with the first bite. I now order them medium rare, with sautà ©ed mushrooms, a loaded baked potatoe and a cherry pepsi. No more overly cooked steaks which is so hard to chew. Think I’ll be going to get that steak sooner than later.

Emily Dickenson Essays

Emily Dickenson Essays Emily Dickenson Essay Emily Dickenson Essay Generally, Emily Dickensonâ„ ¢s works are very distinct and recognisable. Dickenson uses erratic punctuation and tends to focus her themes on dark, depressing topics that explore the moment death and the after life. This is evident in poems such as The Soul has Bandaged moments. However, Dickenson has a lighter side which enabled her to produce several definition poems that attempt to describe intangible things through the use of metaphor like Hope is the thing with Feathers and joyous poems that express her love of nature and buoyant states of mind. An example would be I taste a Liquor never brewed. This style she used appealed to me much more than her macabre poems. The Soul has Bandaged moments explores the periods that are faced by the soul. But the soul may be a comparison for her physiological state of mind. There is many comparisons in this poem fright fulfilment, depression happiness, freedom restraint, hope despair. The poem is divided into three sections each containing two stanzas. The first stanza suggests that the soul is hurt, fragile or restricted when she says it has bandaged moments. A Fright is introduced that violates the soul and paralyses the vulnerable, soul with dread. This Ghastly Fright may be seen a death, the freezing hair indicates the chill of fear death brings and its coldness. The conflict between the fright and the lover can be seen as any of the conflicts mentioned above. The third and forth stanza break free of the atmosphere of threat and dread. It now suggests an image of freedom, fulfilment and warmth. Verbs like dances and swings describe carefree activities, while bursting and bomb indicates energy and excitement. The image of the delirious bee, completely fulfilled, coming out from the rose over all sums up the feeling of joy in this part of the poem. But this escape is short lived, its temporary. The Horror welcomes the soul again. The last two stanzas could be characterised by feelings of imprisonment, by words such as Felon and shackes. In the poetâ„ ¢s opinion this experience of depression is one that should not be spoken of, making it lonely and isolating. Not brayed of Tougue

The Relationship between Technology and Modern Life as a Double-Edged Essay

The Relationship between Technology and Modern Life as a Double-Edged Sword - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that for the most part, technology has become so common it is no longer thought of it as â€Å"technology.† The presences of these day to day items have become necessary and normal; like microwaves, cars, and computers. Technology has brought many benefits to science, medicine, and aids in advancing human potential; at the same time, it has, also, allowed the development of disastrous weapons shifted job markets away from manual labor, and creates human dependence. Over the last 300 years, technology has been developed, improved upon, innovated, made obsolete, and replaced. Most people today cannot imagine living in a time that predates medical vaccinations, telephones, and light bulbs. Research explains that there are â€Å"Four Developments in the Human Condition† that have allowed the advancement of humanity into its modern society filled with the technological sciences of the present. We have continuously proceeded to find n ew innovations and approaches. 1. Imagery & Symbols: The development of language, the arts, and religion; humanity began applying meanings to imagery and symbolism. 2. Universal Order & Theory: The emergence of philosophy (800 to 200 BCE) and concepts of creation, the divine, the universe as a whole; truth-seeking. 3. Experiment & Plausibility: The developments of modern science, beginning in the 1600s. Logical thinking focuses on probable answers. 4. Praxis & Plausibility: Essentially the practice of considering human and social ramifications of scientific and technological actions. From the steam engine in 1730 and the electric battery in 1800 to the automobile in 1885 and the telephone in 1839, the progress has been continuous; It is amazing to see how inventive and the level of ingenuity that human beings have managed to achieve, change, improve, and develop the altered quality of society and that of individual human life. There are many supporters of technology. There are some people who feel that scientific advancement and technological possibilities should be the focus of humanity. However many others believe that technology offers convenience, but also contributes heavily to air pollution, environmental contaminations, displacement of species within ecosystems, can cause psychological dependence among users, and are not worth implementing in the long run. In fairness and, as stated previously, there are a number of pros and cons related to technology and its presence and influence within modern society. Both sides make quality arguments concerning the positive and negative aspects and implications of modern technologies and its various applications. There are 10 highlighted contributions or influences of technology presenting its greatest benefits to modern human society; these contributions include 1. Easy access to information, allowing anyone to find answers to question and grasp concepts that they may not have previously had access to. 2. Improved communication, which has allowed greater exchanges and interaction between peoples across the world. 3.

Emergency Leave Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergency Leave - Assignment Example On the other hand, the HRD requires much formality through written documentations. Clarke will definitely feel bad because his request for leave was not granted. The HRD though, will feel that upper level manager is just following the policies of the hotel in denying the request of Clarke, through a memo addressed to him. Obviously, Clarke values family over work. More specifically, he is very much concerned with his grandmother’s health that he is willing to sacrifice his work just to take care of her. The HRD values the strict implementation of company policies. After reading this message, one wants Clarke to realize that it is important that he gives importance to his work. It is also essential that he realizes that written requests for leaves is part of the policy of the hotel. Clarke must recognize that the hotel does not tolerate frequent absences. The HRD must think that the denial of the request for emergency leave is justified. The information that must be included for the secondary audience is the problem of Clarke about his sick grandmother. The HRD should also be informed that Clarke is frequently absent because of this problem. The most appropriate medium for both audiences is a memo addressed to Clarke, copy furnished the HRD. This will effectively document and convey to Clarke the denial of his request for leave and it will communicate the current situation of Clarke to the HRD. I received your voice mail message last (state date of message) requesting for an emergency leave for the upcoming holiday weekend. I fully understand that your grandmother’s health is one of your priorities. Taking care of a loved one is a commendable virtue and I admire you for that. As you are fully aware of, there is a conference of electrical engineers this weekend at a nearby convention center and for the first time, our hotel will be host to its attendees. This is a welcome