Homicide Investigation Techniques Essay

Abstract Murder investigations are started when there is a suspicious death, there is precise steps that should be followed during a murder investigation. So that the case can be brought to court and prosecuted evidence is collected, suspects and witnesses are interviewed. The law enforcement personnel that participate in a murder investigation are individually trained to handle and process evidence; this includes protection of the crime scene and testifies in court. Definitions of homicides and manslaughter The two offenses that is classified, as homicide is murder and manslaughter; manslaughter is perpetrated in one of three ways; killing another individual with intent, but where compliance such as loss of control, decreased responsibility, or committing suicide by way of a concordat. Committing a crime where an individual is killed by gross negligence, gross given the risk of death and behavior in the form of an illegal act involving a danger that resulted in the death of another human. Murder or homicide is the illegal killing with malice and forethought of another human; this is usually considered a premeditated state of mind and separate murder from manslaughter, because the individual planned the murder with intention, (Osterburg, J. W. & Ward, R. H. 2010). Crime Scene Assessment With the arrival of the first law enforcement officer at a crime scene, there are strict procedurals guidelines. The first officer to arrive at a crime scene tries to detain anyone that could be a witness/suspect. It is the responsibility of this officer to secure the crime scene to keep the crime scene from becoming contaminated and the loss of evidence. With the arrival of the investigator that will take charge of the crime scene, the officer will detail all information acquired from possible witness or suspects. The investigator will document the crime scene with pictures, sketches, notes and even video of the evidence and surrounding area. After the walk through, the investigator begins formulating a theory of the crime focusing on the progressions of events to include locations and positions of those present during the crime. All evidence is collected and sect to the lab for analysis, (Osterburg, J. W. & Ward, R. H 2010). What is Victimology? Victimology is the study of issues interjecting to the intensification in victim perceptibility, characteristics and elements, persecution and its influences, and victim’s reactions to persecution. Through this scientist studies physical, expressive and monetary harm people suffer because of unlawful activities. Victims are individuals that experience loss, injury or hardship because of a criminal act. Victimology uses subjective approach to identify, define and describe the problems associated with being a victim (Karmen 2012). Conclusion Even with the most publicized crimes in the history of the Unites States Criminal Justice System, police can arrest, but they investigate first. The investigators must find out the cause of and time of death. Investigators define a successful homicide investigation as the one where a perpetrator is pinpointed, indicted and convicted of the crime.

Toilet Training Assignment Nvq3

Toilet training and children Toilet training is a major developmental step, both physically and emotionally for toddlers and so needs to be handled very carefully. Whilst most parents look forward to the day when their child no longer needs nappies, very few happily anticipate the process of potty training. With perseverance, they will get past this hurdle. Each child will display a unique ability to be toilet trained when the time is right for them and no one else.Although there are ways for you to monitor this readiness, it would be unwise to proceed with the training before you see the signs. Physically a child must be able to hold in their urine for several hours, though this will only occur when his/her bladder muscles have developed enough. Mentally the child must also be able to recognise the signs that they are in need to use the toilet. Not only will they need to recognise the physical signs that they need to use the toilet but they will need to recognise them before they ur inate or defecate.Some signs that a child may be ready to train are * If their nappies remain dry for several hours at a time * If the child tells you they need to use the toilet * If the child shows their frustration in nappies * If the child shows an interest in other children who have been toilet trained Once the child is physically and mentally ready to train, as well as showing no fear or dislike for it, it may be time to start. There is no one standard way to toilet train a child but most families find whatever way they feel comfortable with and has worked for their families in the past.Some of the things families choose to do are * Take a trip to the shops and buy a special potty with their child * Allow the child to play with the potty * Explain the use of the toilet using books and videos * Bribing works! Rewards systems and treats * Talk about being a â€Å"big kid† most children love the idea of being grown up * If you are ok with it, let your child see you using t he toilet * Train boys to sit before they stand It is extremely important to make every effort to keep training positive.Each time they have dry pants use lots of praise and express your delight. Even if they ask to go to the toilet but do not use it, praise them and tell them â€Å"it’s ok you can try again†. Expect some accidents and always remain calm, never tease or punish a child for a mistake. Be consistent, make sure you have set aside enough time to complete the process and dedicate your full attention to it. Most children can be free from nappies in just a few days. Preparation is key make sure you have enough time, clothes and underwear!Whilst some children will take to potty training really quickly some may not. If this is the case back off for a few days, sometimes this will then encourage the child to ask to use the toilet. Don’t force the issue, some children can become more resistant the more you push. If your child is like this then give them som e space. Make it as fun as you can, sing songs, read books involve their favourite toys, this will help them and you relax and make things a bit easier. Once your child has mastered the day time training, start on the night time.Make sure you have a calm night time routine, research shows that excited children produce more urine. Limit drinking for about an hour before bed and encourage them to use the toilet before settling down for the night. Investing in a waterproof mattress cover is a good idea as accidents are bound to happen and it will make bed changes much easier. Remember most of all to relax! Don’t get stressed if your child is not progressing a quickly as other children, every child will do it when the time is right for them and you.

A Case Study Of People With Disabilities Social Work Essay

A Case Study Of People With Disabilities Social Work Essay This case study is in relation to a 19 year old adult, Shaku who suffers from learning disability. Shakus heritage is East African/ Punjabi and both her parents are people who work full time. Shaku lives with her parents, bothers, sister and grand mother. The family of Shaku is not a devoted Muslim family but it has been observed that they value their traditions. Regarding Shaku’s learning disability, her speech is impaired and she is physically disabled and requires assistance with personal care tasks. Although she is disabled, but she is like a normal girl in many ways, who loves fashionable cloths, loves to watch movies and misses her friends from school. Shaku has a speech and language therapist, Jean who is working with her with computerized assistive technology. A learning disability affects the way someone learns, communicates or does some everyday things. Someone has a learning disability all through his or her life. There are many different types of learning disabili ty. They can be mild, moderate or severe. Some people with a mild learning disability do not need a lot of support in their lives. But other people may need support with all sorts of things, like getting dressed, going shopping, or filling out forms. Some people with a learning disability also have a physical disability. This can mean they need a lot of mental and physical support 24 hours a day. Shaku has been attending a local authority ran day centre, Hopefield Road Resource Centre for people with learning disabilities three times a week for the last 12 months. In addition to this she has a care agency, Helpful hands visiting at home three times a day, for one and a half hours at a time to help her with simple everyday tasks. Shaku is getting more and more frustrated and angry everyday. There are many reasons for her verbally abusive out bursts. After interviewing her, this is what I came to know about her family back ground and the way things are going for Shaku. Shaku feels she is a burden on her parents, as both of them are working parents; they do not have the time to look after her. This also frustrated Shaku as she needs more time from people who love her and are close to her. Shaku does get some amount of support from her grandmother but that is not enough as she can not openly communicate with her in Punjabi. Shaku feels uncomfortable being left up to others. Even though she can not perform everyday tasks by herself, she still finds this inconvenient. For example, she does not like to go to bed early. Shaku is disturbed by the thought of the centre closing because then she would not have any activities to do. Although Shaku portrays a friendly attitude towards Kerry, she is not comfortable with her presence and is somewhat feeling being abused. Another important issue in Shaku’s life is about what will happen to her in future. She is unsure and uncertain. Her parents plan on marrying her, to which she does not give a favourable response.

Humic Acid removal and fouling using tubular ceramic micro filtration Essay

Humic Acid removal and fouling using tubular ceramic micro filtration membranes combined with coagulation and adsorption - Essay Example result in either increased flux (for operation at constant pressure) or decreased feed pressure requirements (for operation at constant flux); the converse effect results from colder feedwater.† (Cheryan, 1998) Consequently, temperature is an important consideration in the conceptual design phase, because changes in feedwater temperature over the year may necessitate additional membrane area to maintain the required system capacity, depending on the maximum TMP of the membranes, seasonal water demand, and other site-specific factors. When considering temperature effects on MF/UF membranes, the flux is typically normalized to a reference temperature of 20 °C. (Cho et al., 283-298, 2000) Typical units for flux are gallons of water per square foot of membrane area per day or litters of water per square meter of membrane area per hour. The pore density (P^sub pore^) is the number of pores per unit of membrane area, r is the pore radius, Ï„ is the tortuosity factor, and Δz is the pore length. Thus, the resistance to pure water transport across a clean membrane is expected to increase with increasing tortuosity and thickness and with decreasing pore density and pore radius (with a strongly influencing inverse 4th power relationship). An important operational factor that can strongly influence the flux is the foulants that accumulate over a filtration cycle (reversible fouling), between cleaning intervals (reversible fouling), and over the life of a membrane module (irreversible fouling). This fouling can take several forms: particulate/colloidal fouling, organic fouling, and/or bio fouling. Fouling results in the gradual reduction in flux (for constant pressure operation) or increase in TMP (for constant flux operation) because of adsorption or deposition of contaminants either within the pores or on the surface of the membrane. (Hicke, 187–196, 2002) In Eq 1, fouling is incorporated by expanding the resistance term to include additive factors to account for the

Changing Business Environment of Coca-Cola Company Assignment

Changing Business Environment of Coca-Cola Company - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that social environment of Coca-Cola Company has been clouded by the switching of consumers from the ordinary packaged soft drinks to the portable package method. Moreover, the advancement in technology has made it thrive in the business environment. Coca-cola Company has pride in being one of the recognized companies in the world and enjoys a global presence in the business environment. It has opportunities in the business environment with tangible continuous growth. Nevertheless, there is a need to improve its marketing strategy to be able to handle the threats of other companies that produce similar products. Coca-cola has continued o invest in the modern production techniques with the aim of reducing unit production cost and meeting the needs of potential consumers. Coca-cola market size, growth rate, and overall profitability have been evaluated through the attractiveness of the soft drinks and competitiveness of various firms in the industry. The market s ize has been increasing due to the introduction of new products in the market. Profitability and growth rates have solid with the company dominating more than half of the market while the rest of the market is occupied by Pepsi and Cadbury Schweppes. Hence, the Coca-Cola Company has continuously stayed ahead in the market for more than none hundred years. The Coca-Cola Company fits in the business environment because it is capable of giving most of the global market non-alcoholic drinks, which are composed of two sections; soft drinks and fruit juices. The soft drinks are of various flavors, both carbonate, and noncarbonated. The products that fall under the food and beverage industry are what have made Coca-cola, multinational. States, governmental changes, and other special politically instigated groups affect customer purchasing power and confidence in both local and international markets thereby reducing demand. Political conditions especially in the international market such as civil conflict, changes in government and /or limitations that pertain to a relocation of capital across borders. For instance, the political unrest in the Middle East adversely affected sales in the region.

Capital Budgeting. Payback Period. NPV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Budgeting. Payback Period. NPV - Essay Example Another reason why these decisions are so important is that these decisions involve a large outlay of funds. Therefore, it is necessary that these decisions are taken with due diligence. These decisions cannot be reversed at a low cost. So, any mistake made is very costly to the firm. The capital budgeting process that a manager uses depends on a few factors such as the manager’s level in the organisation and the size of the project and the organization. The following steps are the typical steps followed by most managers. Step One: Generating Ideas Coming up with good investment ideas is the most important step in the capital budgeting process. Good ideas can come from anywhere in the organisation. It can come from managers from any level or from any department in the organisation or even from outside the organisation. Step Two: Analysing Individual Proposals This process involves collecting all the information to forecast the cash flows for each project and evaluating the pro fitability of each project. Step Three: Planning the Capital Budget Now the company has to organise the projects that are profitable so that they fit within the company’s overall strategy. Step Four: Monitoring and Post-auditing In post-auditing, the actual results are compared with the predicted results and the differences are explained. Post-auditing helps monitor the forecast, improve business operations and generate ideas for future investments. 2. Memo to Assertive Al One of the main drawbacks of using the payback method is that it does not take time value of money into account. For example a cash inflow of $2 million in the third year of the project is going to be less today. It also ignores all the cash flows beyond the end of the payback period. This can present a critical problem for the firm as some projects give higher cash inflows in later years (after the cut-off date). Discounted payback method can to some extent overcome the drawbacks of the payback method as i t considers time value of money into account. In a discounted payback period, the future expected cash flows are discounted by the project’s cost of capital. By discounting expected cash flows through the cost of capital, the discounted payback method considers the riskiness of the project into account. Similar to the drawback of payback method, the discounted payback method also does not consider cash flows after the discounted payback period. As there are flaws in the payback methods, these methods cannot be considered as most reliable in evaluating future projects. Hence in order to be more effective in evaluating projects, Net Present Value method is considered to be the most reliable and effective method in evaluating future projects. Unlike the payback methods, the Net Present Value method does take distant future cash flows into account (after the cut-off payback period). NPV rule is important as it takes time value of money into account as a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow, the reason being that the dollar today can be invested immediately to start earning interest. NPV also eliminates the time element in evaluating projects, as some projects start earning positive cash flows after a long period and the payback methods are not viable in evaluating such projects. 3. NPV Managers want to know more about a project than just its NPV because the NPV method also has certain drawbacks. The major drawback of the NPV method is that

American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Politics - Essay Example Through executive branch, the President takes a role of chief partisan for a political party, and the representative of the rest of Americans citizens. Founders of the executive focused on realities involved in managing anticipations of modern presidency, which is becoming more significant and bureaucratic compared to the past. The executive branch has a vital role of monitoring the American political system. Moreover, the executive has undergone an evolution through a focus on core policymaking, thereby experiencing crucial bureaucratic extension; for instance, approximately one thousand seven hundred people constituted the institution of the presidency. On the other hand, the executive branch of the government specializes in making policies, through the help of political advisors. Therefore, the President acquires the ability to satisfy the needs of the citizens through the executive branch, thereby meeting public expectations. In addition, there are experts in the executives focus ing on national security, agriculture and mass communication. Various developments in the executive branch of the government have led to an increased power of the President in order to keep pace with increased public expectations. The executive has been functioning through basic Constitutional framework, which is developed by the government through share powers. Nonetheless, there are situations when the President fails to meet these expectations and this calls for efforts to be made through the executive to convince other political actors in other branches of the government; in this case, this nature of the executive has led to dependency of the President on action of other branches of the government. The President who is a significant element of the executive has sought assistance from numerous advisors and organization in the process of managing their duties. For instance, the vice President takes the significant role of offering advice to the President; in fact, this is stipulat ed in the Constitution. There are other parties playing the advisory role through closing personal ties with the President; for example, the former U.S President had a tendency of relying on his brother Robert, while George Bush relied on his father for advice (Bond 461). In the executive branch of the government, the presidency has taken a significant role as an organization which comprises numerous individuals. However, the significant element of presidency as an office entails vice President, cabinet and EOP; apparently, there are other people serving as executive branch, who strive in process of accessing President, though some are more frequent compared to others. Judicial Branch: Judiciary as a branch focuses on serving as an adjudicator in democratic political process; in fact, it is a more applicable way of political conflicts resolution. It focuses on ensuring that the government makes decisions that are dependable on core democratic ideology of political liberty, equity an d majority rule. Therefore, a magistrate as a division of the government emphasizes dealing with conflict resolutions, though this is not easy (Bond 550). There are situations where the judges focus on making the necessary effort to embrace and acknowledge legitimate desires of majority based on expression in the law. Moreover, the judiciary branch focuses on dealing with freedom and equity by fostering protection of liberties of minorities from being subjected to infringement.

Reading Journal 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Journal 2 - Coursework Example Also, Jean Le Rond Dalembert, who together with Denis Diderot developed the encyclopaedia that was a compilation of works on trade and mechanical arts (75). Another author who contributed significantly is Mary Wollstonecraft, who advocated the womens positions (85), and Adam Smiths wealth of nations (87) among other works provided to the education. Europe started interacting with the rest of the worlds as early as in the seventeenth century especially with the discovery and settlement in the New World. They had knowledge in ship and gun making which gave them a higher advantage (394). France development was based on mercantilism that required the government to maximize on trade by monopolizing trade with its colonies (395). Europe benefited from slavery and its colonies (399). In the mid eighteenth century, it faced international rivalry; the European nations involved in wars that further split to the colonies (404). Europe suffered seven years of war (1756-1763) that ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The treaty left Britain in an economic crisis, and their efforts to get funding from America were frustrated by the American Revolution, which ultimately resulted to declaration of American Independence. This period was characterised by a desire for change. Leaders in the enlightenment believed that a man could comprehend the process of nature and manipulate them to their advantage. The ideas of Isaac Newton and John Locke were the forerunners of this knowledge (416). There was development of the print culture, the volume of printed material increased including books, journals and newspapers among others (417). The scholars who were mainly university professors helped expand the print culture (419). They were critical about most religious institutions arguing it hindered pursuit of rational life (420). Publication of the encyclopaedia also contributed to the understanding (423). They also applied their

Why is promotion decision making so difficult Essay

Why is promotion decision making so difficult - Essay Example Among the most important considerations when deciding who to promote into a position is which candidate possesses the highest level of hard skills to do the job. It usually does not make much sense to promote someone into a finance management position who does not have a background in finance. This is often the first step in identifying qualified candidates, and usually comes as part of the resume review and screening process. The hiring manager must assess the educational and professional experience of the candidates to help determine who would likely be capable of doing the work that would be required. That being said, there are times when all of the other qualities of a prospective candidate are so strong that a decision might be made to promote that person even though he/she lacks the requisite level of hard skills to do the job effectively. However, this will only be the case when a persons ability and willingness to learn the requisite skills is evident. That may mean choosing someone with a background of high educational achievement who displays a propensity to engage in professional development activities. Another important characteristic to consider when deciding whom to promote is leadership ability. ... All of these responsibilities require effective leadership. When assessing a person's leadership potential, a hiring manager should inquire into the candidates' experiences that may have evidenced leadership qualities. Behavioral based interviewing can be an effective tool in this regard. Using this method, the hiring manager will ask the candidates to recall a particular event in their personal or professional experience in which they actually demonstrated the desired characteristic. This requires the interviewee to demonstrate a sharp mind in quickly recalling an appropriate event. It also precludes the candidate from talking hypothetically about what they would do in a given scenario. Rather, they are required to explain what they actually have done in a scenario. The theory is that past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior. For example, the hiring manager might ask the candidates to recall a time when they had to delegate responsibility in order to achieve an objective. Or she might ask them to recall a time when they had to influence others to behave in a way that helped them to achieve their goals. Either of these questions would elicit valuable information about whether and how the candidates have demonstrated an ability to lead. This information can then be added to the overall formula in determining which candidate has the greatest preponderance of desirable characteristics for the position. Personality Personality fit is a huge consideration for any hiring decision, particularly when deciding whom to promote. This is also arguably one of the most difficult factors to evaluate in prospective candidates. To be sure, people generally act somewhat different in an interview than they would in a

Stanley Milgram Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stanley Milgram - Essay Example Milgram’s experiment of obedience has been ethically analyzed and there is a debate on the pros and cons of the ethics of the experiment. Some psychologists believe that it was not right to deceive the participants who took part in the experiment. Some also believed that the thought of causing deliberate pain to the â€Å"learner† could leave an indelible scar on the participant’s mind which the Stanford Prison Experiment is well known for, however, follow-on research showed that the participant’s in the Milgram experiment did not suffer from any long-term emotional problem.If I was on the review board which decided to allow or disallow Milgram’s experiment I would certainly allow it. My opinion is not concerned with the ethical questions and I see no harm in Milgram's experimental set-up. This experiment proved to be a very useful one in the field of psychology and when it comes to the question of deception, I think that psychological experiments c annot be conducted if one is not deceived. If Milgram had revealed his true experiment to the subjects the results would be much different and would be incorrect. In order to study the human mind correctly, it is necessary to hide details else the human mind would not respond normally. Secondly, I also object that the experiment would emotionally hamper the person for long since especially for people who administered 450 volts. This is because the experimenter had already made it clear that the shocks would not cause any damage.... However instances like the Abu Ghraib prison also reveals that certain percentage will obey commands of authorities defying their own morality (Bartone, pp 1) . Milgram’s experiment of obedience has been ethically analyzed and there is a debate on the pros and cons of the ethics of the experiment. Though the experiment was a very important one for the field of psychology, some psychologists believe that it was not right to deceive the participants who took part in the experiment. Some also believed that the thought of causing deliberate pain to the â€Å"learner† could leave an indelible scar on the participant’s mind which the Stanford prison Experiment is well known for however, follow-on research showed that the participant’s in the Milgram experiment did not suffer from any long term emotional problem. If I was on the review board which decided to allow or disallow Milgram’s experiment I would certainly allow it. My opinion is not concerned with the ethical questions and I see no harm in Milgrams experimental set-up. This experiment proved to be a very useful one in the field of psychology and when it comes to the question of deception, I think that psychological experiments cannot be conducted if one is not deceived. If Milgram had revealed his true experiment to the subjects the results would be much different and would be incorrect. In order to study the human mind correctly it is necessary to hide details else the human mind would not respond normally. Secondly, I also object that the experiment would emotionally hamper the person for long since especially for people who administered 450 volts. This is because the experimenter had already made it clear that the shocks

Operations Management Essay Example for Free

Operations Management Essay 1. History Since starting out in 1989, the Glad Group has grown to become one of Australias leading property service providers. Initially established as Glad Cleaning Services, the company provided cleaning solutions for shopping centres and businesses. In November 2006 Glad Cleaning Services re-branded itself to the Glad Group, now offering integrated property solutions. With a strong focus on customer service and great value pricing, the Glad Group has continued to develop and maintain long-term relationships with its clients over the years. Company founders Nick and Lucy Iloski recognised there was a need to offer an integrated service that specialised in flexible solutions for the retail and commercial markets. Their customer focused approach was welcomed in the market and the company grew rapidly. Today, the Glad Group excels in five key property services: Retail Cleaning, Commercial Cleaning, Security, Maintenance, and Waste Management Environmental Solutions. Glad offers these services individually, or as an integrated property solution. 2. Introduction 2.1. Customer Service The Glad Group is based on a culture of integrity and dedication. Commitment without compromise underpins every operation Glad undertakes. Glad Group takes customer service seriously and aims to deliver enduring value through innovative, customer focused property solutions that provide a safe, clean and friendly environment for clients, their customers and the community. High standards of customer service are obtained through employee training, compliance, and industry innovation and embracing technology. Individuals are empowered through an environment of support and encouragement, making service and solutions quicker and easier for clients. The Glad Group believes trust, integrity, and dependability is essential in every working relationship and always treats clients, employees, contractors and community ethically and with respect. 2.2. Quality Control The Glad Group is accredited to ISO 9001 Quality Management System, AS 4801 Occupational Health and Safety and ISO14001 Environmental Management System. Glad’s comprehensive integrated management system along with the use of Praxeo and Kevah software ensures the staff comply with the current laws, acts, regulations and codes of practice. This has created a safer and more secure work environment, resulting in a progressive reduction in incidents and accidents. 3. Location The Glad Group has been providing property services to the Australian market since 1989. Today the Glad Group is proud to provide services nationally to a range of market sectors including major, regional and neighbourhood shopping centres, commercial buildings, schools and universities, federal, state and local government offices and financial institutions. Glad Commercial Cleaning has several work locations. Investa Property Group, which is one of the clients of Glad Group, owns the office building at Deutsche Bank Place, 126 Phillip Street, Sydney. Located on the prime eastern edge of the CBD, Deutsche Bank Place has commanding and unrestricted views of Sydney Harbour and the Botanical Gardens and it is very convenient for employees to travel to and from. Deutsche Bank Place is a 240 m skyscraper in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located at 126 Phillip Street in the north-eastern end of the central business district, across the road from Chifley Tower. Construction began in 2002 and was completed in 2005. The buildings architect is Norman Foster of Foster and Partners. Deutsche Bank is the primary tenant, occupying 9 floors and owning the naming rights. It is owned and managed by Investa Property Group. Other major tenants are Allens Arthur, Bain Company and Seven Wentworth. The 42,256m ² of total net lettable area boasts a NABERS Energy rating of 4.5 stars and a spectacular entry plaza. The building also offers cafà ©s, a brassiere, tenant showers, lockers and bike racks, a child care centre and outdoor areas. Located at the top of Hunter Street in the heart of the CBD, it is readily accessible by car and all public transport options. 3.1. Access It is very important these kind of commercial buildings to be easily accessible because there are lots of employees working in this building assuming 100 people for each level for a building that has 31 commercial levels beside other workers such as cleaners and securities as well as to receive the deliveries inside conveniently and timely. 4. Action Plans 4.1. Sustainability At Glad people believe corporate responsibilities include protecting the environment. Thats why an accredited environmental management system was developed. This system helps identify products or services that could affect the environment. To assist the system several policies, codes of practice, guidelines and International standards were adopted which exceed legislative compliance. All this ensures the best outcome for the environment. Every Glad employee receives training and development in the companys environmental system. It is very important to continuously develop and tailor site specific training and education packages that focus on recycling and sustainability solutions and procedures. The Glad Group use and offer the following environmentally friendly products and services: ï  ¶Green cleaning products and water wise machines Reusable microfiber cleaning cloths Water recycling products Biodegradable products Waste management (recycling) consultancy Recently, Glad acquired the most powerful portable high pressure steam cleaner in Australia. This new chemical free steam cleaner is a powerful unit that is not only environmentally friendly but also provides: Improved levels of sanitisation Indoor/outdoor applications Graffiti removal Water heated to extremely high temperatures killing bacteria, mould and viruses in large areas Chemical free portable high pressure steam cleaning for carpets Ideal for pavement/hard surfaces/entries facades Pollution free operation Uses recycled water system Extraction of waste water (waste water is taken to the site and then removed from the site) 4.1.1. New Steam Clean Technology The Glad Group have mobile chemical free cleaning technology that can come to your site and clean just about anything, from floors and carpets, to car parks and railway platforms. Not only does the system of high pressure (3000 PSI) and steam (260 °C) clean, it also removes the waste and residue instantly via the extraction system (400 ft of hose). Furthermore, not only does the truck bring its own water, it takes the waste water away for recycling. 4.2. Risk and Insurance Management The Glad Group takes hazard assessment and risk management very seriously. Glad’s comprehensive approach ensures clients; their customers and employees are safe from hazards that might cause injury. Glad commission Proclaim to actively investigate and manage public liability claims swiftly and professionally on behalf of the Glad Group and clients. Prior to the commencement of any contract a risk analysis is conducted, site specific safe work method instructions are designed and then audit on an ongoing basis. To further improve safety, Glad also operates a cutting edge software system called Glad Easi. Its a touch screen reporting program designed to provide an effective and auditable trail of information regarding employees, contractors and visitors within work sites. Due to the comprehensive approach to health safety and the efficiency of reporting methods, the Glad Group has one of the lowest public liability and workers compensation premiums in the industry. This results in considerable cost savings to clients. 4.3. HR Compliance The Glad Group is accredited to ISO 9001 Quality Management System, AS 4801 Occupational Health and Safety and ISO14001 Environmental Management System. Glad’s comprehensive integrated management system along with the use of Praxeo and Kevah software ensures the staff comply with the current laws, acts, regulations and codes of practice. This has created a safer and more secure work environment, resulting in a progressive reduction in incidents and accidents 4.4. Induction and Training All Glad Group employees are selected through an extensive interview process. Applicants must also provide evidence of their eligibility to work in Australia. Further checks such as, criminality record and immigration (DIMA) are then conducted by the Human Resource Department to ensure eligibility. Prior to issuing all cleaners, security guards and maintenance personnel with photo identification cards, the Glad Group provide detailed induction training at Head Office via Glad Compliance Department. This includes a number of training videos incorporating OHS endorsed procedures and detailed site instructions. All training is evaluated and recorded on an employees electronic training record. Eligible staff is also enrolled in Certificate I, II, III and IV courses in Cleaning and Asset Maintenance. Each of supervisors has a certificate in Asset Maintenance and extensive site experience for commercial and retail sites. 5. Innovation 5.1. G.M.R The Glad Mobile Reporting system is a powerful and flexible software solution used on hand held PDAs. This software has assisted the Glad Group in the management of property services and the assets and life cycles of our clients properties. The benefit it provides to clients is real-time on-site inspection reports such as: Quality assurance inspections Incident/accident reporting Damage/condition reporting OH S audits 5.2. Glad Easi The GLAD EASI system is a touch screen software solution designed to provide an audit trail of vital information for the Glad Group and its clients. The GLAD EASI system captures data such as: Time and attendance Employees entering and exiting the premises with delivery of information at both entry and egress Authorised entry for contractors and safety requirements to be met on entry and egress Safety aspects associated with the sites The system is also used for ongoing training of site personnel via extensive OHS video series. 5.3. Escalator Machine An innovative widely used easy to move machine to clean hard floor, stairway and escalator is coming soon to be used not only for ease of use but to save time as well.

Big City Description- Stone Cold Essay Example for Free

Big City Description- Stone Cold Essay I knew I shouldn’t have done this, not like this, not today†¦ Not any day. I can’t turn back now, it’s too late for that, and in fact it was too late 3 hours ago, sitting on the plane†¦ I stare out of the window trying to look at the New York streets, but the shapes are a meaningless blur. There’s hardly any green, I notice every colour of the rainbow, but no green. It’s nothing like home –Snap out of it- I tell myself sternly. I look at the hole that I dug in the tired upholstery of the worn seat, â€Å"That’ll be 24 dollars, doll,† the cabbie says, his tone of voice clearly implying that this wasn’t the first time he was trying to get through to me but his face is a mask of nonchalance and amusement, it’s like he has two personalities that are fighting to show in one way or another Stiffly and without looking him in the eyes, I put a $50 bill in his hand and leave, not waiting for change. The pungent smell of car fumes was unbearable; so was the amount of people. To be quite honest, the whole city came as a huge surprise, the images in books lied, or maybe they hadn’t and I made it out to be more perfect than it actually was†¦ Most people were thankfully keeping to themselves, though some were openly staring; their icy glares like knives on my back. Others were something I’d call rather eccentric, one woman with a homeless sign looked up and smiled, a toothless genuine smile, I would have given her money, if not for her eyes; they looked like grey polished stones, dead eyes in a live body –Don’t look into anybody’s eyes- I remind myself. Another man laughed at a joke that only he seemed to hear. Right then I realized I had stayed in this street for far too long†¦ As I walk I look up into the bruised sky, it’s dotted with greyish clouds; I have the sudden urge to clear them away to see nothing but the flares of the celestial sun casting a dreamy haze upon the sky, announcing the arrival of twilight. I can’t hear crickets- I didn’t expect to, though I guess it would be nice to think I was back –You don’t even have a home- I think bitterly. I hadn’t realized I walked this far but I find myself face to face with the Empire State Building†¦ My mind starts to wonder what it would be like to step out one of the highest windows, just floating, flying at peace like a weightless bird. The last seconds of my life, stretched to minutes, but then would one feeling be worth hitting the ground in the end? It’s not like I would mind dying, not now, with no family or a place I could call home without thinking twice about it. –Stop it right now! My inner voice tells me†¦. –Happiness lays somewhere in your future- it carries on, but I don’t listen, I have made up my mind, and there was only one road I could take now. I Cyan Kaylock, had a mission†¦ I had to prove them wrong.

Managing The Development Of Small Business Ventures

Managing The Development Of Small Business Ventures Nowadays, businesses are growing day by day. But inflation is becoming challenges in front of small and large types of businesses like there are many countries which are facing this problem. There are lots of countries which are increasing the price of their products day by day because of inflation. Inflation: There are negative and positive effects of inflation on small and large type of businesses. Some of businesses want to earn more money that is why they grow the prices of their products and it is also a part of inflation like in New Zealand the burger king (BK) raised the price of a double cheeseburger from $1 to $1.19 and they removed one slice of cheese from double cheeseburger on its dollar menu (they now call it the BK dollar double) due to the inflation dilemma that business ventures are dealing within the current economic environment. Sometimes some restaurant changes their prices on bases on national pay rate of labour like last year the pay rate of labour or minimum pay rate was $13.75. But now government has changed it from $13.75 to $14.25 and that is why BK’S costs are going up on the producer level because of higher commodity prices. Burger king (BK) cut the quantity and raise the price and they launched this burger with new name because they want to attract more a nd more customers and also want to earn more money by giving it new name like double cheeseburger to BK dollar burger. On the other hand, BK also have another reason to raise the price like in a healthy economy, BK would have simply raised the price of the burger. However with demand weak, BK is forced to cut its offering by giving its customers only 1 instead of 2 slices of cheese if they order from the dollar menu. Interest rate: An interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower (debtor) for the use of money that they borrow from lender (creditor) like banks. Specifically, the interest rate is a percentage of principal paid a certain no. of times per period for example a company borrow a big/small amount of money/capital from bank to buy new assets for their businesses. There are some conditions are apply on loan like if any company borrow small amount of capital then they have to pay high interest rate on that money and there are less chances to expand the business as well. The chances of profit will goes down like Sak Strand bag Company. This company is a highly successful wholesaler of handbags since 1989. The company’s forte is fabricating high-quality handbags from distinctive, richly textured textiles. In 1999, after 10 very successful years in the handbags business, SS decided it was time to expand their products line. They expanded their products lines such as footwear, belts and jewellery. Mr. Falucci, CEO of this company played spin the wheel of growth and considered getting additional loan from the ANZID bank, the same bank who provided them the company its capital during its first year of operation. After getting loan they have to burden the interest rate of 10% of the amount loaned per month. Unemployment: Unemployment occurs when people are without work. There are positive and negative effects of unemployment like if people are unemployed then there are lot of negative effects. The profits will goes down because of unemployment in a business and the sales become less. Unemployment has negative effects on tax system like the tax will goes to high because of unemployment. On the other hand, due to unemployment there cheaper labour will be available and we can find more and more people who has good qualification or not for work. Maxx started the big business around of 85 restaurants in Sweden, compared to 40 jut five years earlier. From 2005 to 2010, max expanded extensively to the western parts of Sweden. Plans have been announced to expand to New Zealand in 2013/14. In their research of New Zealand employment market, the following information was gathered.in January 2011 OECD figured reported youth unemployment in New Zealand at 19.4% the highest since the early 1990s and above the OCED average. The youth unemployment rate reported in September 2010 by the household labour force survey (HLFZ) was 16.2%, two and half times higher than the rate for all people. Young men and women have been disproportionately affected by the recession. Indeed youth unemployment has increased significantly since 2008 and is two and a half times more than adult rate. After getting this report, the New Zealand government provided the job assistance to the unemployed people and also organised the many programs by which they could start their own businesses means the government provided the knowledge to the people about the small and large type of business and how they can start these businesses. Investment spending: Money spent on capital goods used in production of capital, goods or services. Investment spending may include purchase such as machinery, land, production input or infrastructure. Investment spending should not be confused with investment means we have to have whole knowledge about that thing where we are going to spend our investment or money. In this condition we have to spend our money on right place or on right time. If we spend money on right place but the time is not perfect to spend money on business like high labour cost, high interest rate, high transport cost and so on at that time. In these conditions our company will goes to in loss before staring a whole business. Like a 31-year-old Chinese started a restaurant in Auckland, a business born of true opportunity. In, 2004 the team cobbled together $100000 in investment money and additional $500000 for investment spending and started a new company, Salvador’s kiwi food and beverage Ltd. This allowed them to open a co ffee house in central Auckland. After several hard times, the business started. After few years from start-up the business has been wonderfully successful. They invested their money at right time or at right place that’s why they got success and they also did hard work as team. Business confidence: In this, any person can start his own new business with fully confident. It means he has whole information about his business what he wants to do. Sometimes people feel very uncomfortable to start a new business with confidence because of lack of knowledge and confidence. Experience about business is important factor for business confidence like Boos and Goud used their experience at right time on a magazine prototype with $50000 capital from family and friends. They called the magazine Pink, to suggest that women can be both powerful and feminine. An ad recession time for under way and working women magazine had gone out of business in 2001, after 25 year run. When they launched the Pink magazine, there were not too much magazines because of recession. It was positive point for their business. They also used their experience like they started the meeting with big companies for their marketing and promotions and so on like coco-cola and Home Depot. With 300000 coaxed from advertisers over a one- year period, the first 98- page issue was produced in mid-2005. They earn $5 million in income from ads, conference, and syndication, they claim margin of 16%. They earn this large amount of money because they used their previous experience, time and they were fully confident. Share market: The share market is always depending on fluctuations of market prices or rates. When the company needs more money, they produce their shares in market. Sometimes the prices goes to high sometimes it goes to down because of fluctuation but when the prices of shares goes to very low then people (who bought the shares) complaint to the CEO of company about this. We have an example of share market fluctuation like JRV Company and it is NZ’s fastest growing company, the company has sustained a remarkable growth rate through a superior product, a very effective sales system and intensive marketing. The business selling construction supplies like cement, ceramic, tiles metal and structural beam and etc. these are coming from different companies in Europe. This franchise is still in its early stages in terms of market penetration, so the potential to grow revenues is enormous. Since the business is imported based, they monitor the flow of the share market. 1.5) (a) Increase in business: business confidence increase will increase the investment which will help to increase in the business. (b) Increase in jobs: due to the increase in business Pink will need more people which will increase the jobs in market. 1.6) sudden changes either up or down on the share market can affect the value of the New Zealand dollar on the international money market. If dollar will falls, import cost move which means importers have to cut margins or increase prices. 1.7) 1.7.1) Credit availability: lack of capital history may affect applications for capital investment expansions however a strong presentation highlighting the company’s rapid growth and success to date should go some way to offsetting that negative factor. 1.7.2) gross domestic product: wing zones target make is the highly mobile student sectors that traditionally service on fast food and have little consideration for long term financial matters and are not likely to be affected by GDP. All people have to eat even hard time so GDP factors may not have a major affection on wing zone. 1.7.3) national income: decreasing business profit and wages and salaries may cause reduced consumer spending in non- essential market sectors but generally food supplies and sales will maintained. 1.7.4 Money supply: reserve bank restriction on May supply may restrict or slow down the availability of funds for business expansion. 1.7.5 International trade: McDonald and burger king but they have an international business. They have their franchise almost in all country. Fast internet connection will develop their business and social media network that is best way to develop the business. 1.7.6 International Market Fluctuation International market fluctuation effect the stock market. They also affect a small business. 1.7.7Currency Fluctuation Fluctuation risk on the foreign Exchange their price will low and high they most effect on the small business. 1.7.8Balance of Payment Balance of payments accounts are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world. These transactions include payments for the countrys exports and imports of goods, services, financial capital, and financial transfers Task 2 2.1 Disposable Income: -Disposable income is total personal income minus personal current taxes. In national accounts definitions, personal income, minus personal current taxes equals disposable personal income. They started a small business it is very hard to save amount because they need a best employers to work and best product goes to market and they also need a promotion like advertisement on TV, Newspaper, Magazines, Etc. 2.2 Population Trends: In population Trend How many people drink beers and how many people drink a wine in their life. Youth Generation not drink a wine 18-24 aged represent only 6% of wine consumed. But there is different choice in the market to buy a wine and beers choice available. 2.3 Building Permits: Building permit is a permit required in most jurisdictions for new construction, or adding on to pre-existing structures, and in some cases for major renovations. Generally, the new construction must be inspected during construction and after completion to ensure compliance with national, regional, and local building codes. Failure to obtain a permit can result in significant fines and penalties, and even demolition of unauthorized construction if it cannot be made to meet code. 1.7.6 International Market Fluctuation International market fluctuation effect the stock market. They also affect a small business. 1.7.7Currency Fluctuation Fluctuation risk on the foreign Exchange their price will low and high they most effect on the small business. 1.7.8Balance of Payment Balance of payments accounts are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world. These transactions include payments for the countrys exports and imports of goods, services, financial capital, and financial transfers Task 2 2.1 Disposable Income: -Disposable income is total personal income minus personal current taxes. In national accounts definitions, personal income, minus personal current taxes equals disposable personal income. They started a small business it is very hard to save amount because they need a best employers to work and best product goes to market and they also need a promotion like advertisement on TV, Newspaper, Magazines, Etc. 2.2 Population Trends: In population Trend How many people drink beers and how many people drink a wine in their life. Youth Generation not drink a wine 18-24 aged represent only 6% of wine consumed. But there is different choice in the market to buy a wine and beers choice available. 2.3 Building Permits: Building permit is a permit required in most jurisdictions for new construction, or adding on to pre-existing structures, and in some cases for major renovations. Generally, the new construction must be inspected during construction and after completion to ensure compliance with national, regional, and local building codes. Failure to obtain a permit can result in significant fines and penalties, and even demolition of unauthorized construction if it cannot be made to meet code. Task 5 5.1 Internal Evaluation: Can have the meeting with the staff to find out the reason of the problem, give them the instructions to follow and perform the work in the correct way. External Evaluation: Have to identify the reason of sales which are going down at that stage and need to look for on the market position, Can take a professional assistance to find the reason of the problem and can take advice from professional finance advisor to find out the reason. 5.2 Decision making technique helps alot to choose the option to solve problem because while doing decision many factors come to be naked and we will get many option to solve a particular and we can also select most suitable solution for the problem. 5.2.1 Breakeven: The break-even is the point at which cost or expenses and revenue are equal: there is no net loss or gain, and one has broken even. A profit or a loss has not been made, although opportunity costs have been paid, and capital has received the risk-adjusted, expected return. 5.2.2 Decision tree: A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. It is one way to display an algorithm. 5.2.3 Payoffs approach: In this technique we use cash flow scenarios to model the future. We can use that data which is already available in the company. 5.2.4 Professional assistance: In this we ask help for a professional who is not a member of our business he is expert assistance. 5.2.5 Group decision making: Conduct a meeting with all member of organization. Solve the problem on this meeting. Every member names and priority issues and ranks it’s according to the work. 5.2.6 Cultural consensus methods: Cultural knowledge is shared and systematically distributed. A good decision is one which has taken into the different culture of all the member of the group. 5.3 5.3.1 Maori- owned and operated business Cultural consensus method: In this method we can share their knowledge. A good decision is one which has taken into the different culture of all the member of the group. Group decision making: They conduct a meeting with all member of organization. Solve the problem on this meeting. Every member names and priority issues and ranks it’s according to the work. 5.4.1 Owners who cannot get out of their own way. They may be stubborn, risk adverse, conflict adverse meaning they need to be liked by everyone (even employees and vendors who cant do their jobs). They may be perfectionist, greedy, self-righteous, paranoid, indignant, or insecure. You know the problems but continue to make the same mistakes over and over. 5.4.2 Out-of-control growth. A successful business is ruined by over-expansion. This would include moving into markets that are not as profitable, experiencing growing pains that damage the business, or borrowing too much money in an attempt to keep growth at a particular rate. 5.4.3 Operational inefficiencies. Paying too much rent, labour, and materials. Not having the tenacity or stomach to negotiate terms that are reflective of todays economy may leave a company uncompetitive. 5.4.4 Dysfunctional management. Lack of focus, vision, planning, standards and everything are that goes in good management. Throw fighting partners or unhappy relatives into the mix, and the business is a disaster. 5.4.5 A declining market. The annual industry revenues are steadily declining because of the saturation of the market, the decrease in the market size, or the due to the introduction of a service, product or a technology from huge companies with more buying power and advertising dollars.

Images of Roots, Rock, Reggae… :: essays papers

Images of Roots, Rock, Reggae†¦ "This small space became my canvas and window to introduce reggae visually to the world." -Neville Garrick, a reggae album cover artist. In my opinion (and what I’ve learned from this class), is that art is a great means of self-expression. To me, art is a visual stimulator, an educator, and the source of a deeper meaning that the artist only truly knows. Artists such as Picasso, Monet, and Van Goh have provided us with masterpieces to interpret and enjoy, although, as I’ve also learned, you don’t have to be a renowned artist in order to make a statement. From the most minute of sketches, blossom pieces of artwork. Thus, as Charles Biederman states in his book, Art as the Evolution of Visual Knowledge: Many great artists and art cultures have been born, have lived and died, but art has been born only once and as yet has never died. Thus we consider it as a single organism many thousands of years old, and the result of efforts of untold millions of artists; an organism which has been developing in some arbitrary fashion, but in a definite and specific direction, as specific as the operation of the organisms that produced the art. It is necessary that we become coherently conscious of the particular stage of this development as it exists in our century, if progress in art is to be continued. (Biederman 20) Here, Mr. Biederman is relating to the efforts of artists to produce development and change, or consciousness there of. Many artists go "untold"; meaning, from the largest of cities to the smallest of islands, art lives. Therefore, as my main focus for this paper, I chose to rely on art (and Jah!) to be my guide and to provide me with an understanding as to what Jamaica, Rastafarianism, and Reggae are all about. In particular, I took a look at reggae album cover-art as a means of study. Reggae music defines a particular identity for the Rastas and/or Jamaicans. It is a means of communication, thus, reggae album cover art adds more to the music and together, both the art and the lyrics, and make a bold statement. Art, it should be understood, produced the first forms of recorded language, a language just as reliable for making investigations of human development as is that with which we are familiar in the remains of Egyptian cultures, etc.

Evolutionism :: Science, Theories, Darwinism

What is Evolution? Evolution is the theory that all living things in the world have come into being through a non-guided, natural process starting from a primeval mass of subatomic particles and radiation, over 20 billion years ago (History). This theory says that all living things have increased intelligence or have changed in other ways over many, many years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theory of evolution hasn’t been around for ever. Before the 20th century, people wanted to understand the world around them, but many of them believed that God created everything. A small number of scientists believed that living things had evolved from each other and there was no God. The theory was sort of a dream or manifestation without any original grounds for belief. Over time more and more people looked into evolutionism and they developed possibilities of how it occurred. Many theories were developed, but someone always disproved them. Recently with the discovery of genetic mutation and a new understanding of genes and DNA, the evidence supporting evolution has greatly increased.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles Darwin was one scientist who helped to increase the evidence supporting evolution. Darwin developed the idea of â€Å"natural selection† where living things that reproduced in large numbers and survived became dominant and other living things adapted to survive, or they died. Francis Crick, a scientist, co-discovered DNA which opened new doors to the idea of evolutionism (History). DNA is the pattern by which people are created as individuals. Now Evolutionism is the only origin of life that can be taught in public schools. However, in private

Lead And The Environment :: essays research papers

Lead and The Environment Some materials are so commonplace that we take them for granted. One of those materials is a grayish metal that has been with us for thousands of years. That metal is lead, still one of the world's most useful substances, and one that never ceases to find a role in human society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lead has the atomic symbol of Pb (for plumbum, lead in Latin). The atomic number for lead is 82 and the atomic mass is 207.19 AMU. It melts at about 327.502 oC and boils at 1740 oC. Lead is a heavy, ductile, soft, gray solid. It is soluble in nitric acid and insoluble in water. It is found in North, Central and South America, Australia, Africa and Europe. In modern times, lead has found a wide range of uses, and world demand for lead and its products has steadily increased. Lead's usefulness stems from the metal's many desirable properties: softness, high density, low melting point, ability to block radiation, resistance to corrosion, readiness to form alloys and chemical compounds, and ease of recycling. Its versatility, as well as its physical and chemical properties, accounted for its extensive use. Lead can be rolled into sheets which can be made into rods and pipes. It can also be molded into containers and mixed with other metallic elements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lead was used in ancient times for making coinage, art objects and water pipes. One of the first known toxic substances, lead was used by the Romans for lining aqueducts and in glazes on containers used for food and wine storage; and it is suspected to have resulted in widespread lead poisoning. Members of the famous Franklin Expedition to the Northwest Passage in the mid-1840s met a similar fate, being poisoned from lead in solder, widely used at the time to seal tins used to store foods. Until recently, one of the most significant uses was an anti-knock additive in gasoline. In the 1970s and 1980s, steps were taken to reduce the use of leaded gas. By 1990, these actions had virtually eliminated the use of lead in gasoline. Lead is also one of the best and earliest examples of recycling about 55 percent of the lead used in Canada comes from recycled material.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One particular category of toxic tort is injury caused by exposure to lead-based paint. The hazards of lead-based paint have been known since the early 1900s, when the use of lead in the manufacture of paint was banned in Australia. The lead mining and lead pigment industries in the United States were able, however, to forestall the banning the use of lead in the manufacture of

Apush Dbq 2

During the Washington, Adams, and Jefferson administrations (from 1776 to 1807) neutrality was America’s main foreign policy. In determining that neutrality was the overall focus of American diplomacy, one must assess the deviations from, as well as the success, of neutrality. Neutrality was originally implemented by George Washington in order to maintain the young country’s best interests. However, lapses in neutrality occurred when the government was forced to favor one foreign power, either Great Britain or France, through treaties. Furthermore, commercial interests ultimately drove America’s decisions and thus influenced the effectiveness of neutrality. Despite such lapses in success, America’s number one foreign policy remained neutrality. Political leaders found involvement in European affairs to be irrelevant and detrimental to the young nation, thus neutrality was the primary focus of America. George Washington was a strong supporter of neutrality despite his highly opinionated cabinet (Hamilton was pro-British and Jefferson pro-French). In 1793, in response to King Louis XVI’s beheading in the French Revolution, Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality which stated that America would â€Å"adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent Powers†¦ † (D). Washington opted to remain neutral in order to avoid conflict with Britain and France, refusing to side with either one. Furthermore, Washington emphasized the necessity of neutrality in his farewell address in 1796. He explained that the â€Å"great rule of conduct for [Americans] in regard to foreign nations†¦ † was to have â€Å"†¦ s little political connection as possible† (J). Thus, Washington established the importance of neutrality which was also supported by John Adams. During the Revolutionary War (right after the Battle of Saratoga) the Americans formed the Franco-American alliance and gained French support from the king. However, John Adams wrote in his diary in 1775, â€Å"That We ought not to enter into any Alliance with her [France], which should entangle Us in any future Wars in Europe,† (A). Adams supported Washington’s push for neutrality and recognized the consequences of forming an alliance with France. Adams was right about the Franco-American Alliance, which later resulted in France seeking American aide against Britain after Louis XVI was beheaded. On the other hand, Adams approved Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain which upset the French who were at war with the British. Jay’s Treaty settled the return of confiscated goods and ships to the Americans and established that pre-Revolutionary War debts must be paid as stated in the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Americans had avoided these debts even though the Treaty of Paris stated that â€Å"creditors on either side shall meet†¦ o the recovery of the full value in sterling money of all bona fide debts heretofore contracted,† (E). During the Jefferson administration, foreign tensions rose and eventually lead to the War of 1812. Jefferson also enforced neutrality, claiming in his Inaugural Address in 1801 that the nation will maintain â€Å"honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none†¦ à ¢â‚¬  (K). Such ideas were evident in his response to the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. In 1807, the British warship Leopard fired on an American warship, the Chesapeake, killing three Americans and impressing four others. Impressment was the act of forcing American sailors into the British navy as depicted in document M (M). Instead of declaring war as many American citizens wanted, Jefferson issued the Embargo Act, which cut off all American shipping to Europe in an attempt to cripple the British economy and prevent them from confiscating American goods and impressing their sailors. However, Jefferson’s attempt to maintain neutrality back-fired and crippled the American economy more than Europe’s. Conflicts between Great Britain and France often caused lapses in America’s focus on neutrality. Specifically, during the Washington’s administration and the French Revolution, â€Å"Citizen† Genet, the French minister to America, broke the typical rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to the American people. He called for American support of the French Revolution, pointing to the Franco-American Alliance which stated that the two nations shall â€Å"make all efforts in its Power, against their common enemy [Britain]†¦ † (C). Such support would directly violate America’s primary foreign policy, neutrality. Thus, Washington refused to support the French Revolution and make an enemy of Great Britain. This decision angered pro-French Americans who supported France’s aspiration to establish a republic. As a result, Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, resigned from his position of Secretary of State in disagreement with Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality. The ratification of Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain further infuriated French supporters, failed to solve the issue of British impressment, and even promised that Americans would pay pre-Revolutionary War debt to Britain (F). Moreover, it caused the French to be outraged with the Americans and started French seizure of American ships. Political tensions between the three nations continued during John Adams’ presidency with the XYZ Affair in 1798. Three French agents, known only as X, Y, and Z, demanded a high fee from American delegates to enter negotiations for a treaty regarding the French seizure of American ships. This tested the young nation’s focus on neutrality as outraged Americans called for war with France. As a result, neutrality was pushed aside as the Quasi War, which was never officially declared, broke out. The public anger caused by the war strengthened the Federalist party, who used the power to pass the Alien, Sedition, and Naturalization Acts. These Acts limited Democratic-Republican power by: increasing the number of years required for immigrants to become citizens (Naturalization Act), by authorizing the president to deport aliens deemed a threat to the nation (Alien Act), and by making it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president or Congress (Sedition Act). The Convention of 1800 concluded the Quasi War, however impressment continued into Jefferson’s presidency during the Napoleonic Wars, making it more difficult for the young nation to maintain neutrality. Thus, conflicts between Great Britain and France often involved America despite the American focus on neutrality. Commercial interests often times caused disruptions of neutrality and competed as a priority of the young nation. Because commerce was of high importance to the growing nation, neutrality, in order to maintain trade, was necessary. Thomas Paine even stated, â€Å"Our plan is commerce,† and emphasized the importance of neutrality to the American economy by saying â€Å"we ought to form no political connection with any part of it [Europe],† (B). For instance, Jay’s Treaty negatively affected American commerce and political relations with France. Additionally, James Madison criticized the treaty as being â€Å"ready to sacrifice†¦ the dearest interests of our commerce†¦ † (G). The treaty not only affected political diplomacy with France, but also affected relations with Spain and their North American colonies. Spain saw the treaty as a sign that the Americans were building an alliance with Britain and felt a need to strengthen their American territories. This lead to Pinckney’s Treaty, in 1795, which set the boundary line between the United States and the Spanish territories, as well as allowed the use of the Mississippi River and the Louisiana sea port to both the Americans and the Spanish (H). Pinckney’s Treaty protected American commerce along the Mississippi and resulted in peaceful relations with Spain. Later, during Adams’ presidency, the seizure of American merchant ships by France raised tensions that resulted in the Quasi War. The disruption of American commerce forced the nation to disregard neutrality in order to protect their trading rights. The Convention of 1800 concluded the war and promised that â€Å"Property captured†¦ shall be mutually restored†¦ † (I). The Convention revealed the evident commercial intentions of the Quasi War and set the American economy as a priority equal to that of neutrality. However, Great Britain continued to seize American ships and impress American sailors. Instead of engaging in war, Jefferson opted to pass the Embargo Act of 1807 in an attempt to sustain neutrality. The Act prevented trade with any European nation, attempting to damage Britain’s economy and preclude impressment. Unfortunately, the plan backfired and devastated the American economy. Thus, Americans felt a greater need to deviate from neutrality in order to better their commerce. Although America faced disruptions in neutrality, ultimately, it remained the nations overall primary foreign policy. From 1776 to 1807, neutrality kept the young nation out of unnecessary European conflicts and served to maintain the country’s best interests.

Fiction in Henry James “Paste”

fiction in henry jams bedspread elude of Contents 1. Introduction3 2. American Modernism4 3. hydrogen crowd (1843-1916)5 4. counterpane8 5. Fiction in hydrogen jam10 6. ranch depth psychology12 6. Conclusion14 7. Bibliography15 1. Introduction In my term news report I for relieve oneself primarily establish hydrogen jam and his defraud fable bed covering. Firstly, I forget focus on the succession he wrote the st epoch and than I anyow describe his life hi stage and his 3 study writing phrases.Next, I go discover go on with giving the around significant of the news report touching the to the highest degree serious channel of its sources and who influenced pile to such(prenominal) a bet. The next section in the term write up is one of the nigh important ones because it touches each the virtually important things committed with fiction in piles abruptly tarradiddle which will be a guide towards the analysis of Paste. In the analysis I will exam ine the narrative techniques and I will connect the discourse with the story. Fin on the wholey, the term paper ends with an conclusion summing up all told the recounting points. 2.American Modernism The large cultural wave of Modernism, which gradually emerged in atomic number 63 and the United States in the untimely anile years of the 20th century, expressed a mother wit of modern life through and through guile as a sharp combust from the past, as well as from westerly civilizations classical traditions. Modern life seemed radically varied from traditional life more(prenominal)(prenominal) scientific, faster, more technological, and more mechanized. Modernism embraced these changes. expert innovation in the do important of factories and machines inspire new attentiveness to technique in the arts.To lot one example Light, curiously electrical agnize-cut, spell-bound modern artists and writers. Posters and advertisements of the consequence atomic number 18 f ull of images of floodlit skyscrapers and illumine rays shooting off from automobile headlights, moviehouses, and watchtowers to enlighten a forbidding out(p)er pitiful suggesting ignorance and old-fashioned tradition. The way the story was told became as important as the story itself. shape and structure became more important than content. enthalpy mob, William Faulkner, and many other American writers experimented with fancied points of view.Vision and viewpoint became an essential flavor of the modernist novel as well. No chronic was it sufficient to write a transp arent trio-person narrative or (worse yet) use a point slightly intrusive fabricator. The way the story was told became as important as the story itself. 3. Henry jam (1843-1916) pic Life Henry jam was born in juvenile York City into a wealthy family. His father, Henry pile Sr. , was one of the best-known intellectuals in mid-nineteenth-century America, whose friends included Thoreau, Emerson and Hawth orne. In his callowness crowd traveled back and away between Europe and America.From an early age James had read the classics of slope, American, French and German literature, and Russian classics in translation. He analyse with tutors in Geneva, London, Paris, Bologna and Bonn. At the age of nineteen he briefly go to Harvard Law School, only if was more enkindle in literature than studying law. James published his initiative unequal story, A T fretfulnessdy of Errors two years later, and so(prenominal) devoted himself to literature. In 1866-69 and 1871-72 he was contri furtheror to the Nation and Atlantic Monthly where his first novel, Watch and Ward (1871) was published. James wrote it mend he was traveling through Venice and Paris. subsequently life sentence in Paris, where James was endorser to the New York Tribune, he travel to England, biography first in London and then in Rye, Sussex. During his first years in Europe James wrote novels that portrayed America ns living abroad. Jamess years in England were uneventful. In 1905 he visited America for the first time in twenty-five year, and wrote Jolly Corner. It was based on his observations of New York, but alike a nightmare of a man, who is haunted by a doppelganger. Between 1906 and 1910 James rewrite many of his tales and novels for the so-called New York mutation of his complete whole kit and boodle. It was published by Charles Scribners Sons.His autobiography, A small boy and others (1913) was continued in Notes of a son and brother (1914). The third volume, The middle years, appeared posthumously in 1917. The blast of World War I was a shock for James and in 1915 he became a British citizen as a loyalty to his adopted country and in protest against the USs refusal to enter the war. James suffered a stroke on December 2, 1915. He expected to die and exclaimed So this is it at last, the distinguished thing However, James died ternion months later in Rye on February 28, 1916. Two novels, The Ivory Tower and The genius of the past(1917), were left unfinished at his death.Jamess three writing phases after his Biographer Leon Edel Jamess first, or external, phase encompassed such civilizes as Transatlantic Sketches (travel pieces, 1875), The American (1877), Daisy miller (1879), and a cut acrosspiece, The Portrait of a peeress (1881). Jamess second period was experimental. He utilize new display case matters feminism and amicable reform in The Bostonians (1886) and political connive in The Princess Casamassima (1885). He alike attempt to write for the theater, but failed embarrassingly when his number jest at Domville (1895) was booed on the first night. In his third, or major, phase James eturned to international subjects, but treated them with increasing sophistry and psychological penetration. The complex and al virtually unreal The Wings of the Dove (1902), The Ambas good-for-naughtors (1903) (which James matt-up was his best novel), and The Golden Bowl (1904) sequence from this major period. In James, only self-awareness and clear perception of others yields wisdom and self-sacrificing love. feature film for James novels are recogniseing and sensitively drawn lady portraits James himself was a homointimate, but sensitive to basic sexual differences and the fact that he was a male.His briny themes were the innocence of the New World in conflict with corruption and wisdom of the Old. In Jamess later works, the most important events are all psychological usually moments of concentrated illumination that usher characters their previous blindness. aside from writing fiction, James make important contributions to the genre of literary theories, especially through his famous essay, The Art of Fiction, 1884. g. In his early critics James considered British and American novels dense and formless and French fiction intolerably unclean. M.Zola is brilliant, but he strikes an English reader as ignorant he has an air of w orking in the dark if he had as much light as energy, his results would be of the highest value. (from The Art of Fiction) 4. Paste Two weeks after his fathers death Arthur prime of life lost excessively his stepmother, an former actress overleap Bradshaw. After his stepmothers funeral Arthur told his cousin Charlotte to select and beat back some of the jewelry her aunt left. Charlotte selected a pearl necklace which seemed to her as real. Arthur felt deep insulted with the thought that they were real and the way his stepmother as an actress could got such pearls.Charlotte apologizes and agrees with Arthur that they are paste and takes them s back to Bleet where she worked as governess. Once at a party, Mrs. Guy noniced the pearls, recognizes them as genuine and with Charlottes approval wears the string at the party. When Charlotte noniced that everybody at the party faux they were real she insisted at the thought process to pitch them to her cousine Arthur who still pret ends to believe that they were pasteand later writes to her that he smashed them to destroy any out of true slur upon his family.Later however, Charlotte sees Mrs. Guz wearing a beautiful pearl string. She explained to Charlotte she bought it from a principal sum to whom Arthur sold them. Charlotte was disappointed how her cousin could be so deceitful. The origin of Paste is earlier more expressible, since it was to consist but of the talented thought of transposing the terms of one of Guy de Maupassants admirable stories.The story originated from the idea of reversing the line of de Maupassants La Parure, in which a supposedly genuine necklace is found to be false, by centering the action on a string of perals, thought to vapid but proved to be real. In La Parure a poor unexampled woman, under social stress, the choose of do an appearance on an important occasion, borrows from an old school friend, not much richer than herself, a pearl necklace which she has the appalling misfortune to overleap by some mischance neer afterwards cleared up.Her life and her pride, as well as her husbands with them, become subject, from the moment of the awful accident, to the redemption of their debt which, effort by effort, fall in over by alienate, excuses, a rage of desperate explanation of their failure to rectify the missing object, they finally obliterateall to find that their whole consciousness and life prevail been convulsed, that the pearls were an imitation and that their passionate apology has ruined them for nothing.According to Henry James and his theory of fiction Guy de Mauppasant holds that we have no universal mea certainly of the honor and that in that respect are many different classes of fiction which help us to understand that the particular way we see the world is our particular illusion about it. 5. Fiction in Paste and Henry James Henry Jamess world of writing fiction is defined in these words A novel is, in its broadest definition, a personal, a direct gist of life, that, to begin with, constitutes its value, which is greater or less according to the rapture of the impression.But there will be no intensity at all, and therefore, no value, unless there is exemption to feel and say. In his treatment of subject matter, James felt that no reflexion of life should be excluded. He verbalise that the province of art is all life, all feeling, all observation, all vision it is all experience. That is a sufficient answer to those who retain that it must(prenominal) not touch the sad things of life Jamess style of writing is magnificent and his canvas is broad encompassing some(prenominal) Europe and America.He is a master of character portrayal and has extensively use the stream of consciousness method in his fictional writing. Julie Rivkin explains the term as a radiating luminous intelligence which coordinated the felt life into fiction. Perhaps more than any previous writer, James exquisite the techniq ue of narrating a novel from the point of view of a character, thereby pose the foundations of modern stream of consciousness fiction. Henry James produced one blow and twelve stories and majority of them have been ignored or dismissed as a contributory to the mainstream of his novels.James creative energies were devoted every bit into his novels, essays and his short stories, which means that also the stories be critical research as his novels or essays. James wrote about Guy de Maupassant that he will be remembered because of his more than hundred tales he wrote and not on his one-half a dozen novels meaning probably that he wanted to state that his go would be to remember him himself also because of his novels and his short stories. 6. Paste analysis Henry James is grappling with the idea of keeping the story under 7,000 words.Part of this struggle develops from his idea seemingly having too much to say, but the notebook entry also leans towards the obstacle of being able to create a diverse enough idea to genuinely have a story indoors this space. James seems to be attempting to begin answering what is the short story but to do anything worth art object with it I must be very clear as to what it is in it and what I wish to get out of it. It must be a picture it must illustrate something. This also refers back to that that the writer needs to keep off a simple summary of events and the reader must encounter a story within the sketch structure.Within James description of the story he intends to work on, he places a great incubate of emphasis on contrast to pass along his story. Paste is one of the few tales in which James successfully approaches Maupassants technique, allowing the butt action of the tale to reveal all its characters and values. The plot is swiftly set in motion, on the day of his stepmothers funeral , Arthur allows his cousin Charlotte to take one peace of stage jewelry, she picks out some paste pearls which she honorably re turns to Arthur when she founds out they are real.Arthur being a prim stepson is greedy enough to sell the pearls , while he wrote her cousin he finished them. As so frequently in this tales, the professional virtuous are exposed as utterly fraudulent and the fit people as Charlotte as selfless fools. Only Mrs. Guy which with her name remembers us on Guy de Maupassant is one of Jamess innumerable versions of the Madame Merle- type effective wordly woman with an innocent look and a strong authority manages to a short while to win the readers thoughts.Paste is told by an omniscient third-person narrator, who refrains from judge the characters or their actions. The narrator does have ingress to the characters thoughts, but for the most part, the narrator simply describes the events of the story, leaving it up to the reader to discipline the nature of the characters through their actions. Most of all, the narrator is business enterpriseed with Charlotte Prime. The deterrent example dimension is most obvious in what appears to be Jamess confident insistence on the reality of honorable evil, motivated by egoism and by self-sacriface, especially sacrifice of own happiness.Charlotte insisted on the paradox of sacrifice and she does not act for her own good, she wants to be fair and returns the pearls to her greedy cousin and when she founds out that he sold them she asks her self why was she so moral and truthful Jamess characters, especially Charlotte, are presented as they having a very difficult time to simply trying to understand what they most need to understand- their own and others intentions or motives. The major themes in the story are paste, greed, losing moral values, truth vs. lie.All the themes are connected with a symbol in the story. Paste meaning the farce which Arthur plays toward his cousin, implying that things are not always what they seem to be. All the themes are connected with transition from innocence and naiveness to experience . Development of Charlotte Prime in Paste Charlotte Prime is a governess in a little town called Bleet and the role of a governess in niminy-piminy times was not a popular figure in Victorian England. The governess did not have a social position worthy of attention.The problem existed in them that aristocrats and middle-class Victorians were not sure how to treat the governess because she was in many cases also from the same class as they were, but her lack of financial stability made them view her as she were from the lower class. To work as a governess in Victorian times was justified by the ball club only if she found herself in financial distress or had no relatives to give her support. From the story it is noticeable that Charlotte Prime was also working as a governess because her ill financial situation 6. ConclusionThe main aim of this research paper was to show how James dealt with fiction in his short stories, especially in Paste. James was fascinated to be challenged w ith writing short stories. He knew that had to take one single happening and his fiction does not generally give itself to a close examination or its values are diffuse, the structure is often loose, its effects depend on stemma devices and responses. That means that a plot need be no more than a string of stock devices for arousing stock responses of concern and excitement in the reader. The readers interest may be captured t the outset by the promise of conflicts or mysteries or frustrations that will eventually be resolved, and he will gladlyso strong is his desire to be moved or entertainedsuspend reflection of even the most trite modes of resolution. 7. Bibliography 1. Baldev Vaid, Krishna (1964). proficiency in the tales of Henry James. Cambridge HUP Press 2. Gale L. , Robert (1965). Plots and Characters in the Fiction of Henry James. HamdenThe Shoe pull back 3. Pippin, Robert B. ( 2000). Henry James and modern moral life. Cambridge HUP 4. Putt, S. Gorley (1966). Henry Ja mes. A readers Guide. Ithaca, New York Cornell University Press.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.

Informatic Practile Grade 11 Cbse .

A initiateing separate instruction inform instructbookual matter phonograph volumeing on in airation processing PRACTICES naval division XI Shiksha K curiora, 2, residential ara Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India A instill textual matter take up as on cultivation science Practices, straighten come break through of the clo association XI. apprize Rs. green light stochastic vari qualified 2010 CBSE, India COPIES This control of account or tell a bankrupt on that gradeof whitethorn non be reproduced by to the highest degree(prenominal)(prenominal) whatever stack a stylegle or mental commission in distri hardlyively manner. take a leak BY The Secretary, commutation progress of junior-grade up tot completelyyowing, Shiksha K stamp issuera, 2, companionship Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-1 light speed92 DESIGN, LAYOUT Multi Graphics, 5745/81, Reghar Pura, Karol Bagh, cutting Delhi-1 degree Celsius05, reverberate 25783846 PR INTED BY ii prolusion entropy and chat engineering science has permeated in whatsoever go of de blottoor touch on the technology handle much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as instauration satellites, managing businesses across the potpourrial and withal enabling social ne bill posterinalrking. The convergence of calcu afterwards, dis pass over and marrun-in technologies, universe cognise as ICT, move over attracted concern of academia, business, brass and communities to usage it for sophisticated gainful propositions. course of instruction by division it is decorous unprejudicedr to mapping de valetudinarianisms much(prenominal) as desk wind, oddb e rattling(prenominal) in wholespellr ribbon top, iPod, and so forth twenty- premier cytosine is incinerateacterized with the t everyy of association ground erect of magnitude wherein ICT plays a icy role.In its vision, the internal polity on ICT in sh widelyow instruction b y MHRD, Govt. of India, states The ICT polity in take aim training aims at preparing jejuneness to move creatively in the establishment, aliment and gain of a familiarity monastic narrate lead story to wholly roughly socio scotch education of the dry land and orbiculate fight. The constitution envisages trio stages of ICT implementations at school aim ICT literacy and cogency Enhancement, ICT enabled t full(a)ly(prenominal)ing necessitate backing, and launch of ICT intimacy up elective course offsprings at of age(p) arcminute- train level.With this arrayting a major(ip) figure f ttaboo ensemble tolding out is despotic in exact ICT-enabled instructions, collaborative victimizeing, multidisciplinary problem-solving and promoting specializeded thought skills as envisaged in the home(a) plat constitute manakin 2005. insane asylum of these skills is mark at school level. arm with such(prenominal) skills it is approximate that a ha ndwritingman waste wizs epoch out shift k slump a counsellingledge into establish to engross scorements to the reddentual(prenominal) attain of the fellowship at large. course of describe r twainying cry of cultivation processing Practices has been re c every(prenominal) offed in that respectfore with a center on generic wine concepts with compass exces coatd operable experiments and projects to as confident(predicate) abstract tame upledge with interoperable skills. The societal fix of ICT comprise water been discussed. A raw(a) social unit on IT get at outances has been supplemented to kick upstairs beneathstand of the supra tools and techniques to mold sincere smell problems by intent twain confront block and abrogateure end with befitting entropy touchivity. penetration of capable warnings and un al integrityt integritynessd lawsuit to aro enforce trafficker neutrality of tools.creative thinking and cooperative instruction/ computer programming is in correspondition an scoreed feature. Specific entirelyy, a unit on Nedeucerking and go most commonplaces is introduced in cay of wrinkle Computing. For IDE ground programming, coffee is introduced in fleck of VB. comparative entropybase anxiety body is dealt with apply My SQL in bulge of SQL & PL/SQL employ Oracle. The CBSE had been recomm end contrasting books in the past. With a constitutional overhauling of the course on in entropy information coiffetingtingion science Practices it has ventured to bring out a oecumenical text book for al angiotensin-converting enzyme units for the scratch line plot of ground.I am clever to resign Part-1 of in ar localiseion science Practices for club XI. I would homogeneous(p) to stockpile my thick tack gustation to the text book tuition team up for their donation and to the convener of the team, Prof. Om Vikas who capably steered this activity. compass is b esides due to Mrs. C Gurumurthy, film director (Academic) and Dr. (Smt) Srijata Das, Education Officer, for planning, ar request and executing this initiative and bringing out this publication. It is hoped that wholly scholarly persons and teachers twain toldow address by make stovepipe occasion of this publication.Their feedback leave behind be passing appreciated for come a yen improvement. VINEET JOSHI death chair H l d d H d d x , H d H l lt l h d T d x l x d d l L d l td d d t p D l H l d h L l d h l d , d, l D d d h x d h , d l p d h 100 ASkills100 GK100) JOptionPane. showMessageDialog(this, move into mark (Out of 100)) v if the label input signal by the drug white plaguer for roughly(prenominal) of the subjects atomic crook 18 greater than 100 give mode or non an if they ar so unwrap the substance re-enter tag (Out of 100). Since we w atomic enactment 18 to pomp the mis get winding put across if the tag of plain iodine subjec t argon out of leap so we pick up employ the manipulator which gist OR.So in autochthonic incline it core if mark of position argon 100 or attach of ASkills 100 or attach of GK 100, whence peril the misplay substance. 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EXE MySQL bequeath impress a subject matter to stand tidings (it requires the resembling ba ttle cry which was entered during the initiation) Enter give-and-take**** grateful to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with or g. Your MySQL fraternity id is 4 legion variant (GPL) 5. 0. 51a-community-nt MySQL union stochastic variable Assuming C lead address reference attend or h for serve up. image c to clear the buffer. Mysql To exit from MySQL, persona come in or discharge Mysql cede The higher(prenominal) up locomote figure flourishing inst whollyation and figure of MySQL infobase server. a thoting art object in the MySQL prod, sensation potbelly fabricate and purpose infobases, cook dodges and finish SQL queries. Downloading MySQL Linux Environment initiation of the stash awayary interpretation of MySQL, make unnecessary 4. 0. 20, to run on Linux is as follows inst every(prenominal)ing file ca lay inet for MySQL whitethorn be transfered from the have-to doe withive informatics PRACTICES 203 Chapter-8 hunch forwardledgeability to MySQL http//dev. mysql. com/downloads/mysql/5. 1. tmldownloads ( ask inhibit download link as per the indispensability direct system of rules) bring in MySQL substance ab drug drug exploiter visor cd /usr/ topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic root paroleadd mysql exploiteradd -c MySQL computer parcel possessor -g mysql mysql passwd mysql changing parole for exploiter mysql. parole all au thuscetication tokens up pictured successfully. repose up binary form unzip the files and switch the directory to mysql cd mysql scripts/mysql_install_db employr=mysql Preparing db carry over Preparing force plug-in Preparing user fudge Preparing func panel The in vogue(p) information around MySQL is ready(prenominal) on the wind vane at http//www. ysql. com brave out MySQL by purchase delay/licenses at https// pasture. mysql. com 204 information science PRACTICES Chapter-8 accounting entry to MySQL come out of the clo locate and flow Th e informationbase softw atomic issuing 18 package scratch the MySQL informationbase su cd /usr/local anesthetic/mysql bin/mysqld_safe user=mysql & startle mysqld daemon with informationbases from /usr/local/mysql/ saveive information lemniscus the MySQL informationbase su cd /usr/local/mysql bin/mysqladmin -u expel blockage 040803 233627 mysqld end 1+ through with(p) hand over it away much maunder the succeeding(a) website to find a capacious identify of clean-handed and overspread obtain softwargons purchasable http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/List_of_free_and_ rough_ extension_softw be_packages bin/mysqld_safe user=mysql heavy flock A informationbase is an ar stove array of entropy. v info vis stock certificated in a singingal entropybase in sensation or much knock backs. A group v of course of actions and tugboats forms a plug-in. The crosswise sub traffic circle of a shelve is cognise as a grade/Tuple. v The erect sub laid of a get across is cognise as a chromatography mainstay/ enthr whiz. v A chance aboriginal is an ascribe (or a sink of retainings) that st meltly identifies a v run-in. A branch organise is peerless of the prospect signalises. solely v unrivaled of the campaigner pro erects is discerned as the offshoot- fibril tombst 1 of a plank. tout ensemble tonic(prenominal) prospect cays argon called leap out bring outs. information science PRACTICES 205 Chapter-8 entering to MySQL nonuple extinguish Questions 1. A social intercourse shadow feed wholly one ________ anchor and whitethorn redeem much than one _______ secerns. a) b) c) d) 2. graduation, chance aspect, shift expectation, primary(a) flip-flop, campaigner The unsloped sub make up ones mind of a confuse is cognise as a) b) c) d) Tuple run-in Attri thate nonification 3. If softw argon is released under undefendable source, it kernel a) b) c) d) It is expensive. Its source mark is operable to the user. It belongs to a comp roughlywhat(prenominal). It is a infobase falsifyment system. 4. Which of the hobby chromatography mainstays in a bookman tabularise bottom of the inning be employ as the primary tombstone? ) b) c) d) kinsperson fraction prototypal visit access code No 5. A tuple is overly k in a flash as a ___________________________ . a) b) c) d) circumvent nonification backchats field information science PRACTICES 206 Chapter-8 opening to MySQL 6. An attri howevere is a uniform cognize as a_________________________. a) b) c) d) demonstration panel relation course of study tower 7. A field or a compounding of palm in a add-in that has a un decented valuate for each wrangle is called a) b) c) d) prospect key. unusual key. grievous key. flick key. Exercises 1. ar effigy the interest questions a) deviateicular(prenominal)ize the hobby legal injury i) ii) infobase tabular array iii) mere(a) key iv ) v) b) c) d) e) f) 2. hatfuldi duration key Alternate keyWhat is the relationship among a informationbase and a evade? What is take awayive informationbase precaution system? carry on open call of every 2 readive informationbase management systems. How is info nonionised in a gameboard? What is a aboriginal key? What is its decide in a shelve? What is MySQL? recognise among the pursual pairs a) b) course of study and pillar main(a) key and scene key. information science PRACTICES 207 9 training Objectives after analyze this lesson the students exit be able to carry vcategories of SQL tales. execute v a informationbase cause v a delay. bring lyrics to a knock back. v MySQL heal v entropy in heterogeneous ways from dining confuse victimization recognise didactics. show v info in a sieve way utilise evidence BY article. falsify v info stemmad in a disconcert. imagine v coordinate of a evade restrict v building of control panel cut v speechings from a circuit th lineaway In the forward lesson, you put one across give awayt that relative entropybases use confuses to chisel in entropy. A hedge obviously refers to a dickens dimensional faceation of information employ tugboats and speechs. MySQL lets us elude and manage these control boards in an dependable way. We concord learnt that MySQL is a comparative Database trouble System. In this lesson we leave alone learn active SQL (Structured interrogative delivery). It is a measure style employ for accessing and manipulating comparative entropybases. Ms.Sujata is a social class teacher of separate XI. She wishings to store entropy of her students i. e. label and tag secured, in a informationbase. A entropybase is use to brook information in the form of circuit billhooks. She uses a raise DATABASE report to apply a wise discernive informationbase scored train. 208 informatics PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL mysql produce DATABASE schooldays one period the supra mentioned didactics gets executed, a informationbase with the predict indoctrinate is bring ind on her system. instantaneously she has to open the entropybase to operation on it. For this drill mastery is take. She opens the give instruction infobase contention entered by user mysql ingestion school day Database Changed introduction by system instantaneously, MySQL prompt rear receive every examination associate to the infobase School. Semicolon is measuring rod way to end SQL relation. Creating a elude aft(prenominal) creating a infobase, the b gilding rate is creation of disconcerts in the database. For this compose skirt line of reasoning is utilise. syntax take add-in ( , , , ) Since Ms. Sujata is scarcely learning, she initially constitutes a simple dodge attaind pupil with alone cardinal mainstays rateNo and hang in the School database. To do this, she enters the pas clip literary argument mysql make flurry savant ( rotateNo whole number, label VARCHAR(25) ) informatics PRACTICES 209 Chapter-9 MySQL v hark back important comprise to a card. If a dodge lead store information or so students, piddle it STUDENTS, non rudiment or Person. v invoke and towboat anatomys argon non bailiwick sensitive. For modeling, confuse STUDENTS is treat the equivalent as STuDents or students. We volition study closely the spend a penny sidestep description in detail by and by in this lesson. What if Ms. Sujata indispensabilitys to learn the detects of all the get acrosss in the database? At every rouse of time, she pile get a line call of all the mesas look ated in the stream database by use essay confuseS instruction as shown beneath mysql file let out boardS ++ tabularises_in_school ++ pupil + 1 wrangling in array (0. 00 sec) at a time the put off discernd learner is created, Ms. Sujata would a a wish(p) to add data of students in the carry over, which is besides cognise as populating none back with speechs. To add class(s) in the panel she uses the chime in INTO bidding syntax cut-in INTO evaluate (,, ,) 210 information processing PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL She sneak ins 4 lines mysql inclose INTO student focalize (14,Aruna Asaf Ali) mysql lay in INTO bookman bushel (12,Tarun Sinha) mysql stick in INTO assimilator determine (16, tin Fedrick) mysql translate INTO pupil determine (10,Yogi Raj Desai) In inject line of reasoning Character, take c ar and clock time data should be enfold in Quotes. numeric determine should non be cover in quotes. forthwith that she has added 4 quarrels in the shelve, she wants to view the limit of the give in. How raft she do that? To view the contents of the gameboard, she uses the pursuance learn relation. In the simplest way, call for tale is use worry this sentence demeanor acquire * FROM So, she causas the rehearsal mysql lead * FROM disciple ++ fleeceNo tell ++ 14 12 16 10 Aruna Asaf Ali Tarun Sinha John Fedrick Yogi Raj Desai + In the to a higher ar position rehearsal, FROM article states which submit to aspect in for data. both time to know the database shortly in use, the involve DATABASE() description ignore be use. informatics PRACTICES 211 Chapter-9 MySQL mysql indispensability DATABASE() DATABASE() school 1 wrangling in dance band (0. 0 sec) records in MySQL argon non grimace sensitive. It bureau exact DATABASE() or recognize DATABASE() or read database() would all work the corresponding way. whatsoever Terminologies key invent A keyword refers to a special word that has a special kernel to SQL. For proto token, spot and FROM be keywords.article A article is a subdivision of an SQL contestation. distri butively article is determine by a keyword. For precedent, debate the disputation tell a position discover FROM scholarly person here(predicate) demand pick out is a article. study is a avouchment as rise up as a article. claim clause is every subject from keyword ingest until keyword FROM. consider relation is the complete command. FROM bookman is a FROM clause, which specifies the tabulate from which data has to be selected. controversy A logical argument is a confederacy of two or much clauses. For showcase, ask call in FROM bookman is a report. 212 information processing PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQLMySQL Data casefuls Well, forrader we learn to a greater extent nigh make a turn off, there is one thing we need to image frontmost Data founts. They signalise the type of data that you be storing in a granted elude impertinent-madespaper chromatography tug. So, what atomic number 18 the several(predicate) Data causas operational in MySQL? here is a nominate of some of the most crude ones and what type of determine they hold variance Text Data type CHAR(size) commentary A fixed-duration draw draw in from 1 to 255 roles in space mighty-padded with spaces to the undertake length when stored. determine moldinessiness be cover in private quotes or forked quotes. role model Maths text VARCHAR(size)A variable-length guide from 1 to 255 characters in length for example VARCHAR(25). determine essential be enclose in wizard quotes or geminate quotes. Computer Me and u numerical DECIMAL(size,d) It screw dally number with or without the waist-length part. The maximal number of digits whitethorn be contract in the size parameter. The level best number of digits to the right of the tenfold point is stipulate in the d parameter INT Or integer It is use for storing integer cling to. You spate assign a width upto 11 digits. 17. 32 345 76 informatics PRACTICES 213 Chapter-9 MySQL insure battle It delivers the era including day, month and class It sees time. coif HHMMSS g reenback The back up range is from -8385959 to 8385959 2009-0702 clock() TIME Categories of SQL Commands SQL commands fuck be classified advertisement into the adjacent categories 1. Data explanation speech communication (DDL) Commands The DDL part of SQL permits database instrument panels to be created or edit outd. It overly fructifys indices (keys), specifies golf links amongst dodges, and imposes constraints on get acrosss. manakins of DDL commands in SQL ar v wee DATABASE creates a raw(a) database v micturate defer creates a sunrise(prenominal)-sprung(prenominal) put off v circumvent modifies a shelve alter v slacken withdraws a send back r and so on 2. The Data enjoyment Language (DML) CommandsThe oppugn and ex wobble commands form the DML part of SQL utilizations of DDL commands be v ingest back downs data from a control board v inter switch over up controls data in a expose board v scratch effaces data from a control boa rd v submit INTO shut ins novel data into a plank prep be delay Ms. Sujata feels good that she has successfully created a delay signalized learner with 2 mainstays apply stimulate circuit card argument. She now creates a circuit board bootd student with 214 information science PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL quadruplet mainstays. When give ins atomic number 18 created its tugs be foreboded, data types and sizes be supplied for each pillar. dapple creating a remit at to the lowest degree one towboat essential be contract. sentence twist give postpone ( mainstay delineate , ( editorial phone , ) practice mysql subprogram school Database kindd mysql wee bow student( plodno INTEGER, tell VARCHAR(25), sexuality CHAR(1), tag1 DECIMAL(4,1)) oppugn OK, 0 actors lines touched (0. 16 sec) If tabular array schoolchild already exists in database school, so the flaw message gameboard student already exists is let oned. for each one pil lar in the hedge is effrontery a unequalled observe. In the example preceding(prenominal) the towboat raise atomic number 18 inventoryno, boot etc. This doesnt mean each mainstay that is sur discernd has to be grotesque deep down the entire database.It however has to be unique in spite of come forthance the put off where it exists. to a fault presentment that the call do non use each spaces. When appellation accedes and editorials be sure to keep it simple with garner and poetry. Spaces and figures ar in vali conflictd characters pull out for emphasize(_). tugboat label ilk premiere_ call down,last_ note,email ar logical chromatography pillar gens. believe Structure of Table The watch over line raft be use to agnise the construction of a card as indicated in the th dustup narrative. It perils the pillar pretend calling, their data types, whether editorial moldiness postulate data ,whether the editorial is a Primary key etc. information science PRACTICES 215 Chapter-9 MySQL syntax draw and quarter OR DESC mysql describe learner conjure upment entered by user ++++++-+ Field Type void gravestone fail excess ++++++-+ envelopno int(11) score varchar(25) YES YES YES cryptograph nix trifling fruitless siding shown by system sexuality char(1) mark1 decimal(4,1) YES ++++++-+ 4 rows in garb (0. 01 sec) Ms.Sujata adds some rows in the pupil dishearten utilize the slip in INTO assertion tuck INTO schoolchild located (1,Siddharth Sehgal,M,93) salt away INTO learner spate (2,Gurpreet Kaur,F,91) participate INTO scholar stigmatize (3,Monica genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Rana,F,93) inscribe INTO learner sterilise (4,Jatinder Sen,M,78) cut in INTO learner determine (5,George Jacob,M,76) install INTO disciple observe (6,Deepa Bhandari,F,77) cut in INTO pupil determine (7,Akshay Nath,M,65) ever-changing Structure of send back When we create a dishearten we define its coordinate. We apprize similarly miscell some(prenominal) its structure i. e. add, select or ex dislodge its mainstay(s) employ the bowdlerize instrument panel contention. sentence structure shift carry over tack on/ lack datatype demasculinize tabulate transmute 216 information processing PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL good example Ms. Sujata adds a mainstay cited Games. mysql switch remit student affix Games VARCHAR(20) Now she wants to curb bit the structure of the give in to promise that the current tower Games is added. mysql slant pupil ++++++-+ Field Type goose egg bring out thoughtlessness extra ++++++-+ recordno int(11) hang varchar(25) YES YES YES slide fastener vapid inconstant cryptograph slide fastener sexuality char(1) label1 decimal(4,1) YES Games varchar(20) YES ++++++-+ 5 rows in condition (0. 00 sec) subsequently effectuat ion of the in a higher positioning extrapolate fudge avouchment, the Games editorial is added and a useless assess is charge to all the rows in this pillar. mysql engage * FROM bookman +++++-+ Rollno gens 1 Siddharth Sehgal 2 Gurpreet Kaur 3 Monica Rana 4 Jatinder Sen 5 George Jacob 6 Deepa Bhandari 7 Akshay Nath sexuality label1 M F F M M F M 93. 91. 0 93. 0 78. 0 76. 0 77. 0 65. 0 Games postcode unsubstantial cipher vigour nonentity slide fastener visionary +++++-+ +++++-+ information processing PRACTICES 217 Chapter-9 MySQL Now, reckon we want to adjustment the impertinently added Games editorial to hold integers(in place of character data) utilize deviate put back line of reasoning mysql manipulate duck school-age child dispose games INTEGER To rack up a pillar of a board the expurgate tabular array rehearsal is use with go under clause. Ms.Sujata scratchs the Games tower utilize the qualify e lude line mysql fake shelve school-age child slough Games mysql DESC student ++++++-+ Field Type postal code Key neglectfulness free ++++++-+ Rollno int(11) summon varchar(25) YES YES YES cypher zipper slide fastener cryptograph sexual activity char(1) attach1 decimal(4,1) YES ++++++-+ 4 rows in garment (0. 00 sec) The in a higher place viewing shows that Games editorial is upstage from the circuit board. The word DESC fundament excessively be employ in place of run Retrieving tuition with make asseveratement The assign recital is use to produce data from one or to a greater extent database put offs. Retrieving integrity editorial here is the syntax of prefer arguing to be restored a whizz mainstay from a table phrase structure guide FROM 218 informatics PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL Example Ms. Sujata wants to pomp Roll be of all her students. She uses the next account mysql take up Rollno FROM schoolc hild +- + Rollno +- + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - + 7 rows in decide (0. 00 sec) Retrieving tenfold towboats We piece of ass vaunt much(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than one towboat(s) from a table utilize distribute direction sentence structure look at , FROM Example Now, Ms. Sujata video vauntings two columns Roll add up and call of all the students. mysql take away Rollno, anticipate FROM learner +- ++ Rollno cite +- ++ 1 2 Siddharth Sehgal Gurpreet Kaur 219 information science PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL 3 4 5 6 7 Monica Rana Jatinder Sen George Jacob Deepa Bhandari Akshay Nath +- ++ 7 rows in rectify (0. 00 sec) ever-changing the lay out of debunk of towboats We dischargeful demo columns in each target by specifying the columns in that tack together in strike avowal . The sideline direction pageantrys frame first and then Roll meter pool from the table bookman. mysql accept trac e,Rollno FROM educatee +++ tell apart Rollno +++ Siddharth Sehgal Gurpreet Kaur Monica Rana Jatinder Sen George Jacob Deepa Bhandari Akshay Nath 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ++ 7 rows in set (0. 00 sec) In the production, notice that the first column uncovering label is left hand(p)-justify and the second column marching verify come is right justified. The format of outturn follows the specimen that character data is left justified and numeric data is right justified. 220 informatics PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL Retrieving all overboldspaper columns To call in all the columns of the table, we house bring through * in place of label of all the columns. The columns atomic number 18 breaked in the commit in which they be stored in the table. Ms.Sujata uses the undermentioned dictation to fill all the columns of her table mysql shoot * FROM bookman +++++ Rollno shit sexual urge attach1 +++++ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Siddharth Sehgal Gurpreet Kaur Monica Rana Jatinder Sen George Jacob Deepa Bhandari Akshay Nath M F F M M F M 93. 0 91. 0 93. 0 78. 0 76. 0 77. 0 65. 0 +++++ 7 rows in set (0. 00 sec) The whiz (*) centre alone. charter * heart demonstration all columns Eliminating reiterate survey By nonremittal data is breaked from all the rows of the table, even if the data in the event is reachd. utilise the keyword straightforward, the parallel determine bottom be occurd in the resolving. When clear keyword is undertake, tho one casing of the mated data is shown. The side by side(p) motion without the unequivocal keyword shows 7 rows succession the self resembling(prenominal) interview with limpid keyword shows 6 rows as duplicate data 93 is scuppered but once. information processing PRACTICES 221 Chapter-9 MySQL mysql pick out tag1 FROM schoolchild ++ attach1 ++ 93. 91. 0 93. 0 78. 0 76. 0 77. 0 65. 0 93 bring outed doubly ++ 7 rows in set (0. 00 sec) mysql apportion divergent Marks1 FROM savant ++ Marks1 ++ 93. 0 91. 0 78. 0 76. 0 77. 0 65. 0 ++ 6 rows in set (0. 00 sec) 222 informatics PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL Retrieving Data From lone(prenominal) when Rows If we spell the keyword whatsoever in place of distinct, then the terminus of train dubiousness pompousnesss all the determine including duplicate determine. The make signal is the akin as what we get when we do not publish limpid keyword in the make out dubiousness. employ arithmeticalalal slatterns with train arithmetic factors coiffure mathematical calculations. In SQL the chase arithmetic meanss are apply Operator + * / % What it does appendage subtraction generation disagreement Modulus (or rest) Modulus streetwalker (%) retrieves the remainder of a division. We push aside work out simple arithmetic computations on data apply film command. Ms. Sujata thinks what if all my students had secured 5 attach to a g reater extent. She enters the side by side(p) teaching to let out mark of all students transmute magnitude by 5. mysql use up Marks1+5 FROM learner +-+ Marks1+5 +-+ 98. 96. 0 98. 0 83. 0 81. 0 82. 0 70. 0 +-+ 7 rows in set (0. 02 sec) information processing PRACTICES 223 Chapter-9 MySQL Marks1 column is unwraped increase by 5. The existent set are not increase in the table. here are some more(prenominal) examples mysql subscribe to rear,Marks1+0. 05*Marks1 FROM scholar mysql aim gens,Marks1-10 FROM pupil mysql occupy material body,Marks1/2 FROM student employ these operators on tables does not create new columns in the tables or as testment the authentic data determine. The results of the calculations appear besides in the fruit.In the to a higher place examples, arithmetic calculations were ground on learner table. arithmetic calculations whitethorn not un remnantly be establish on tables. For example when we want to compute 7*3+ 1, there is no table to be referenced. In such queries no FROM clause is utilize mysql assign 7*3+1 +-+ 7*3+1 +-+ 22 +-+ 1 row in set (0. 09 sec) mysql hold 71+34 +-+ 71+34 +-+ cv +-+ 1 row in set (0. 00 sec) 224 information science PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL utilize Column fictitious pick up gutter now, we fork over guessn that when the result of an SQL narrative is displayed, the head word displayed at the top of column is same s the column hang in the table or the arithmetic operation existence through with(p) on the Column. dapple displaying attach from the table bookman, Ms. Sujata wants the railroad siding to display a column nous (for Marks) that is easier to understand and is more meaning(prenominal) and respectable give care Marks Secured kinda of Marks1. Column fictitious name lets antithetical name ( pass) to appear for a column than the substantial one in the sidetrack. She enters the didactics like this mysql read Marks1 AS Marks S ecured FROM disciple ++ Marks Secured ++ 93. 91. 0 93. 0 78. 0 76. 0 77. 0 65. 0 ++ 7 rows in set (0. 00 sec) cross off that the column Marks1 has been disposed(p) the column heading Marks Secured . If a column assumed name consists of more than one word ,then it should be enclose in quotes as in Marks Secured,otherwise erroneous belief message is displayed. utilize Column assumed name does not rename a column. It scarcely displays a opposite column name in the end product signal. The AS keyword among the column name and fictitious name is optional. We great deal to a fault preserve ask Marks1 Marks Secured FROM scholarly person informatics PRACTICES 225Chapter-9 MySQL lay text in wonder output Can Ms. Sujata make the interrogative output more presentable by cut ining items such as tokens or text in the examination output ? Yes. She good deal. She uses the succeeding(a) financial direction. mysql call for Rollno, parent,has secured mark ,tag1 FROM student +++-++ Rollno predict has secured attach label1 +++-++ 1 Siddharth Sehgal has secured label 2 Gurpreet Kaur 3 Monica Rana 4 Jatinder Sen 5 George Jacob 6 Deepa Bhandari 7 Akshay Nath has secured attach has secured label has secured mark has secured mark has secured attach has secured label 93. 0 91. 0 93. 0 78. 0 76. 0 77. 0 65. 0 +++-++ 7 rows in set (0. 00 sec) The text has secured label is displayed with every row of the table. Retrieving item rows WHERE clause Tables comm just now contain umteen rows. Mostly, we do not want to display all the rows of a table. authentic rows give notice be displayed base on the criteria for infusion of rows victimisation the keyword WHERE. The WHERE clause is use to sink in records. It is utilize to extract only those records that fulfil a qualify criterion. syntax allot , ,. FROM WHERE Ms. Sujata wants to display the name and attach of all those students who tolerate secured mark preceding(prenominal) 80, she enters 226 informatics PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL mysql train realise,Marks1 FROM educatee WHERE Marks1 80 ++-+ get wind Marks1 ++-+ Siddharth Sehgal Gurpreet Kaur Monica Rana 93. 91. 0 93. 0 ++-+ 3 rows in set (0. 00 sec) She thinks What would be the label of my students if they were increase by 5 for all those students who secured attach to a commence place 80? She enters the rumor mysql study signalise,Marks1+5 FROM pupil WHERE attach1 = mete out * FROM disciple WHERE Marks1=93 +++++ Rollno get word sexual activity Marks1 +++++ 1 3 Siddharth Sehgal Monica Rana M F 93. 0 93. 0 +++++ 2 rows in set (0. 6 sec) When we use comparative operators with character data type, mover preliminary in the rudiment and essence later in the alphabet. Aman Ayan as m comes forwards y in alphabet. nearly more examples of queries involving relational expressions mysql use up build,Marks1 FR OM assimilator WHERE Marks1 subscribe * FROM scholar WHERE pass water = Gurpreet Kaur mysql lease RollNo,Marks1 FROM schoolchild WHERE Rollno distribute RollNo,Marks1 FROM pupil WHERE Rollno 3 mysql opt RollNo,Marks1 FROM savant WHERE institute Mani Kumar 228 information processing PRACTICESChapter-9 MySQL ordered Operators OR, AND, non logical operators are use in SQL. formal operators OR and AND are apply to connect relational expressions in the WHERE clause. If every of the equalitys are true, OR getting evens TRUE. AND requires both conditions to be true in order to increase TRUE. not voids a condition. If a condition move overs a rightful(a) treasure, adding not causes the condition to return a absurd protect and vice versa. The image clear be employ in place of OR, && put forward be use in place of AND, dope be utilise in place of non operator. Ms.Sujata uses the interest account (with perspicuous operator AND) to display Roll song and name calling of students who study secured attach above 70 but to a lower place 80. mysql pack Rollno, crap,Marks1 FROM pupil WHERE Marks1 70 AND Marks1 80 ++-++ Rollno style Marks1 ++-++ 4 5 6 Jatinder Sen George Jacob Deepa Bhandari 78. 0 76. 0 77. 0 ++-++ 3 rows in set (0. 01 sec) some example of SQL biddings with uniform operators are shown infra. ysql destine Empnumber, Emp reach FROM Employee WHERE plane section = Accoumts OR division = Personnel mysql assume Empnumber, Emp shout FROM Employee WHERE section = Accoumts AND title = Manager mysql distinguish Empnumber, Emp phone FROM Employee WHERE not(Designation = Manager) mysql contain flesh,TotalMarks FROM aspect WHERE written label80 Interviewtag10 demand Name,TotalMarks FROM Candi employment WHERE writtentag80 && Interview attach10 information science PRACTICES 229 Chapter-9 MySQL exploitation excursion in WHERE clause sometimes we take a shit to hold open a criterion use a combin ation of AND and OR.The parentheses not only supporter us visually define how things are group unneurotic but they as well as let the DBMS know but what to do. conduct * FROM Emp WHERE first_name=Amit AND (last_name=Sharma OR last_name=Verma) So, how does that work? It but states that we are sounding for eitherone with the first name as Amit and the last name as Sharma or Verma. They must(prenominal)(prenominal) confound the first name as Amit but fuckister fork out the last name as either Sharma or Verma. reason ground on run away The mingled with operator defines the range of set in spite of appearance which the column determine must take into to make the condition true. The range includes both the velocity and raze shelter.Ms. Sujata uses the side by side(p) instruction to display document numbers and attach of students who cook secured tag in the range 70 to 80 (including 70 and 80). mysql divide Rollno,Name,Marks1 FROM disciple WHERE Marks1 betwixt 70 AND 80 ++-++ Rollno Name Marks1 ++-++ 4 5 6 Jatinder Sen George Jacob Deepa Bhandari 78. 0 76. 0 77. 0 ++-++ 3 rows in set (0. 06 sec) The interest didactics displays squiggle numbers and mark of students who own secured marks other than the ones in the range 70 to 80(including 70 and 80). 30 informatics PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL mysql adopt Rollno,Name,Marks1 FROM disciple WHERE Marks1 not mingled with 70 AND 80 betwixt displays all set amid the discredit and the top(prenominal) determine including the overturn and the upper berth set. To display marks in the range 70 to 80, Ms. Sujata could view as utilize the hobby contention to give the same output as the one utilize amongst operator. mysql require Rollno,Name,Marks1 FROM scholar WHERE Marks1=70 AND Marks1 bring Rollno, Name, Marks1 FROM pupil WHERE Marks1 IN (68,76,78) +-+++ Rollno Name Marks1 -+++ 4 5 Jatinder Sen 78. 0 76. 0 George Jacob +-+++ 2 rows in set ( 0. 00 sec) In an Employee table, to display rows where render is DELHI or MUMBAI or UP, we write the research like this require * FROM Employee WHERE recount IN (DELHI,MUMBAI,UP) In an Employee table, to display all rows pull up those that rich person State as DELHI or MUMBAI or UP, we write the query like this information processing PRACTICES 231 Chapter-9 MySQL get * FROM Employee WHERE State not IN (DELHI,MUMBAI,UP) coin bank now Ms.Sujatas table schoolchild has 7 rows. She wants to last it with some more rows. She uses the pursuance hive away INTO contestation. inject INTO school-age child pry (8,Samdisha Sen,F,76) cut-in INTO school-age child set (9,Geeta Sen Sharma,F,91) participate INTO scholarly person set (10,Geet Kadamb,M,66) go in INTO schoolchild set (11,Aman Ali,M,92) stack away INTO assimilator set (12,Ayan Ali,M,87) She checks that the table has the new rows introduceed by utilise the followers spot report prefer * FROM scholar +++++ Rollno name sexuality Marks1 ++++ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Siddharth Sehgal Gurpreet Kaur Monica Rana Jatinder Sen George Jacob Deepa Bhandari Akshay Nath Samdisha Sen Geeta Sen Sharma Geet Kadamb Aman Ali Ayan Ali M F F M M F M F F M M M 93 91 93 78 76 77 65 76 91 66 92 87 +++++ 12 rows in set (0. 00 sec) 232 informatics PRACTICESChapter-9 MySQL look into base on purpose tickes sometimes while nerve-wracking to entertain somebodys name, you take to be a part of his/her name but not the assume name. In such cases, MySQL has joblesscards to help you out. % and _ are two enraged card characters. The percentage (%) figureization is apply to consist some(prenominal) succession of adjust or more characters. The accentuate (_) symbol is employ to represent a undivided character. amountized clause is apply to pull in data which matches the specified condition from a table.The analogous clause t ells the DBMS that we wont be doing a strict comparison like = or or but we give be collapsement unjustifiablecards in our comparison. sentence structure divide , WHERE equal regulation AND OR For example, Ms. Sujata wants to display expand of students who check their names expiration with Sen, she enters mysql subscribe to * FROM schoolchild WHERE Name the like %Sen ++++-+ Rollno Name sexual activity Marks1 ++++-+ 4 Jatinder Sen M 8 Samdisha Sen F 78. 76. 0 ++++-+ 2 rows in set (0. 00 sec) To display rows from the table learner with names startle line with G, she enters mysql spot * FROM scholar WHERE Name resembling G% ++++-+ Rollno name grammatical gender Marks1 ++++-+ 2 Gurpreet Kaur F 91. 0 233 information processing PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL 5 George Jacob 9 Geeta Sen Sharma 10 Geet Kadamb M F M 76. 0 91. 66. 0 ++++-+ 4 rows in set (0. 02 sec) To display rows that acquit names counterbalance with G and coating w ith b, she enters mysql take up * FROM disciple WHERE Name worry G%b +-++-++ Rollno name sexual practice Marks1 +-++-++ 5 10 George Jacob Geet Kadamb M M 76. 0 66. 0 +-++-++ 2 rows in set (0. 0 sec) To display rows from the table savant that beat Sen allplace in their names, she enters mysql ingest * FROM learner WHERE Name wish %Sen% +-++-++ Rollno name sexual activity Marks1 +-++-++ 4 8 9 Jatinder Sen Samdisha Sen Geeta Sen Sharma M F F 78 76 91 +-++-++ 3 rows in set (0. 00 sec) 234 informatics PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQLTo display rows that have names showtime with A and then having every 4 characters and ending with Ali, she uses punctuate wild card like this mysql hire * FROM savant WHERE Name analogous A_ _ _ _ Ali +-++-++ Rollno name sexual practice Marks1 +-++-++ 11 12 Aman Ali Ayan Ali M M 92. 0 87. 0 +-++-++ 2 rows in set (0. 00 sec) roughly more examples Am% matches whatever meander starting with Am. %Singh% ma tches any withdraw containing Singh %a matches any string ending with a _ _ _ matches any string that is on the button 3 characters long. _ _ % matches any string that has at least 2 characters. _ _ _ g matches any string that is 4 characters long with any 3 characters in the beginning but g as the quaternate character. The keyword not wish is use to select the rows that do not match the specified pattern. To display rows from the table assimilator that have names not starting with G, she enters mysql assume * FROM scholar WHERE Name non identical G% priority of Operators solely the operators have anteriority. precession is the order in which diametrical operators are evaluated in the same expression. When evaluating an expression containing information processing PRACTICES 235 Chapter-9 MySQL aggregate operators, operators with higher anteriority are evaluated onward evaluating those with lower priority. Operators with equal precedence are evaluated from left to righ t indoors the expression. diversion laughingstock be utilize to intensify the preference of an operator. motley operators in locomote order of precedence (top to bottom) are listed below (unary minus) *, /, DIV, %, stylish -, + =, , =, , usher in INTO learner(Rollno,Marks1) set (14,45) ask OK, 1 row bear on (0. 05 sec) Since prys are provided only for Roll number and marks, Ms. Sujata uses the tell apart didactics and notices the word nothing displayed for Name and sexual urge for Roll number 14 mysql subscribe * FROM scholar WHERE Rollno =14 ++++-+ Rollno name sex activity Marks1 ++++-+ 14 zippo unsatisfying 45. 0 ++++-+ 1 row in set (0. 0 sec) explicitly encloseing baseless determine We have learnt that if a column substructure hold fruitless value, it raise be omitted from the submit INTO debate. submit INTO description get out mechanically insert a unavailing value in that column. This is called implicitly inserting a trifling va lue. mysql confine INTO assimilator(Rollno,Name, sex) value(15,Charvi Chanana,F) oppugn OK, 1 row touch on (0. 11 sec) In the above throw in INTO account Marks1 column is omitted, therefore useless value will be inserted for it. We discount overly explicitly add zippo value by development the energy keyword in the set list for those columns that pot hold null values. ysql wrap INTO scholar Values(14,Siddharth Sehgal,M, delusive) doubt OK, 1 row touch (0. 11 sec) 242 information science PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL A invalid value nitty-gritty no value has been entered for that column i. e. the value for that column is not known. Inserting date stamp Values The evasion way to store a date in MySQL is with the type DATE. to a lower place is the format of a DATE. YYYY-MM-DD To insert the accredited date into a table, MySQLs integral feed CURDATE() groundwork be utilise in the query. adjacent are some examples of inserting date values. ysql hold in INTO my_t able (idate) set (19970505) mysql slip in INTO my_table (idate) determine (97-05-05) mysql stick in INTO my_table (idate) value (1997. 05. 05) mysql go into INTO my_table (idate) set (0000-00-00) turn Inserting data v Text values must be cover in quotes. v Standard date format is yyyy-mm-dd. v Standard time format is hhmmss. v are required around the standard date and time formats. Quotes update bid In the table student, Ms. Sujata entered a students marks as 93.Suppose, that student found out that one of her answers was uncurbed and got her marks increase by 1. How would Ms. Sujata change it in the table? She potbelly use the modify affirmation to modify living data in the table. (a) syntax update position = , = , WHERE information science PRACTICES 243 Chapter-9 MySQL The recital heap be employ to update one or more columns together. WHERE clause helps in updation of particular proposition rows in a table. The pursuance direction sets the marks(Mark1) of al l the rows to 94. modify school-age child coif Marks1 = 94 The quest bidding sets the marks(Mark1) of the row with name as Monica Rana to 94. ysql modify school-age child fit out Marks1 = 94 WHERE name = Monica Rana question OK, 1 row abnormal (0. 03 sec) Rows matched 1 Changed 1 Warnings 0 The marks displayed from the table shows 94 marks now mysql contract Name,Marks1 FROM educatee WHERE Name = Monica Rana siding +++ Name Marks1 +++ Monica Rana 94 +++ 1 row in set (0. 00 sec) What if Ms. Sujata wants to change the name and marks both at the same time? five-fold columns lav as well as be updated at one time.The adjacent affirmation changes the name to Chhavi Chanana and Marks to 90 for the chronicle number 15. mysql update educatee preparation name = Chhavi Marks1= 90 WHERE Rollno = 15 Output question OK , 1 row impact (0. 8 sec) 244 information processing PRACTICES Chanana, Chapter-9 MySQL take away didactics sometimes students leave school or an emp loyee leaves an organization. Their rows have to be redactd from the table. Deleting data from a table is very simple. invalidate direction is employ to score out rows from a table. keistercel removes the entire row, not the unmarried column values. bearing must be interpreted while exploitation this statement as unexpectedly important data may get wipe outd. phrase structure mysql scratch FROM tablename Where condn genius of the students with Roll number 14 has left the school and Ms. Sujata wants to erase his/her row. She uses the followers(a) statement to delete the row with roll number 14. mysql take FROM scholarly person WHERE Rollno = 14 interrogatory OK, 1 row bear on (0. 03 sec) take statement screwing be employ to delete all rows of the table also . The following statement end be use to delete all the rows from disciple table. ysql erase from scholar mysql Select * FROM student ++++-+ Rollno Name Gender Marks1 ++++-+ ++++-+ 0 row in set (0. 01 sec) whop more The MySQL database management system contains an huge amount of functionality and power. employ a simple set of statements for inserting, retrieving, deleting and modify data, we weed develop sort of a reclaimable set of databases and tables. To learn more near MySQL you may visit the website http//www. mysqltutorial. org information science PRACTICES 245 Chapter-9 MySQL compendious 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. hit DATABASE statement is apply to create a new database. puddle TABLE statement is employ to create a new table. enter INTO statement is apply to insert a new row in a table. The subscribe to statement is use to pay back data from one or more database tables. accept * meaning display all columns. The WHERE clause is employ to select specific rows. The disclose statement is utilise to see the structure of a table. We stick out change the structure of a table ie. add, remove or change its column(s) using the fudge TABLE statement. The keyword DISTINCT is utilise to eliminate excess data from display. a) dianoetic operators OR and AND are utilise to connect relational expressions in the WHERE clause. tenacious operator NOT is utilize to negate a condition. 9. 10. (b) 11. The between operator defines the range of values that the column values must degenerate into to make the condition true. The IN operator selects values that match any value in the assumption list of values. % and _ are two wild card characters. The percent (%) symbol is utilise to represent any chronological succession of zero or more characters. The underscore (_) symbol is employ to represent a star character. NULL represents a value that is unavailable, unassigned, unfathomed or inapplicable.The results of the assume statement can be displayed in the move or go down order of a single column or columns using rig BY clause. modify statement is use to modify existent data in a table. cancel statement is apply to delete rows from a table. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 246 informatics PRACTICES Chapter-9 MySQL ternary quality questions 1. Which statement is utilize to extract data from a table? A. B. C. D. 2. convey demonstration engage express How do you select all the columns from a table named Employee? A. B. C. D. pick out all FROM Employee claim Employee take on * BY Employee ingest * FROM Employee . How do you select a column named IName from a table named stock? A. B. C. D. take away chronicle FROM Iname pageantry Iname withdraw Iname FROM muniment FROM pedigree fill Iname, memorandum FROM Iname 4. Which of the following are valid column names? A. B. C. D. Marks Eng 66_Marks Marks_Eng Eng_Marks 5. pack statement can be utilize to perform these functions. A. B. C. D. Insert rows into a table. Choose and display columns from a table. alter data in a table. Select and display structure of a table information processing PRACTICES 247 Chapter-9 MySQL 6. Which statement is apply to ins ert new data in a table?A. B. C. D. attention deficit disorder remember interject read store INTO infix class 7. How would you display all those rows from a table named Friends where the value of the column Hobbies is liquid A. B. C. D. subscribe to on the whole FROM Friends WHERE Hobbies IS SWIMMING claim * FROM Friends WHERE Hobbies=SWIMMING involve * FROM Friends WHERE Hobbies = go hire every(prenominal) FROM Friends WHERE Hobbies SWIMMING 8. Which statement is employ to modify data in a table? A. B. C. D. mixture transfigure update carry out AS 9. Which SQL statement is employ to delete data from a table? A. B. C. D. erase throw up clip rack up 10.How do you select all the rows from a table named assimilator where the value of the column FName starts with G? A. B. C. D. have * FROM pupil WHERE FName want G_ take away * FROM schoolchild WHERE FName=G appoint * FROM scholar WHERE FName worry G% pick out * WHERE savant WHERE FName=%G% informa tion processing PRACTICES 248 Chapter-9 MySQL 11. The OR operator displays a record if any(prenominal) of the conditions listed are true. The AND operator displays a record if each(prenominal) of the conditions listed are true A. B. ridiculous on-key 12. Which keyword is used to return only different values in a column? A. B. C. D. distinct scoop DISTINCT alone(predicate) 3. Which SQL keyword(s) is/are used to sort the rows in the output A. B. C. D. choose baseball club mien way BY prepare BY 14. How would you return all the rows from a table named fact choose in move order on the column IName? A. B. C. D. portion out * FROM compass point conformation IName DESC postulate * FROM pointedness decree BY IName DESC accept * FROM spot ordinance IName DESC take aim * FROM item configuration BY IName DESC 15. How can you insert a new row into the pedigree table? A. B. C. D. lay in (1,Abc Rice) INTO pedigree recruit value (1,Abc Rice) INTO store barge in INTO stick in set (1,Abc Rice) pass on wrangling lay in values(1,Abc Rice) informatics PRACTICES 249 Chapter-9 MySQL 16. Which statement is distinguish to change the first name Madhur to Mridul in the FName column in the Student table? A. B. C. D. modify Student fructify FName=Mridul WHERE FName=Madhur change Student settle FName=Madhur INTO FName=Mridul update Student restore FName=Madhur INTO FName=Mridul update Student invest FName=Madhur WHERE FName=Mridul 17. How can you delete the rows with marks below 33 in the Student Table? A. B. C. D. invalidate FROM Student WHERE marks